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传统的社会资本分析囿于静态框架,将社会资本视作客观的嵌入性资源,而对其主观建构性关注极少。要全面地理解社会资本,就必须充分考虑其两面性:它既是一种客观的嵌入性资源,但又必然因“关系”的变化而受到主观判断的影响,因此会随着时间的变化而变化。换言之,社会资本既是结构性的,又是建构性的。通过引入布迪厄的“惯习”和“场域”概念,从年羹尧与雍正之间的互动案例入手,我们可以对传统的社会资本定义进行反思并提出“建构性社会资本”的定义:行动者的惯习对场域性资源的主观判断。在此基础上,通过阐明建构性社会资本的分布和积累图式,提出社会资本的结构性、建构性以及动态演化三类模型,结合行为经济学理论给出相关函数建议,可以进一步加深我们对社会资本之生成、积累、演化的理解,从而为社会资本的测量方法和动态分析提供基础。
The traditional analysis of social capital is based on the static framework, which treats social capital as an objective embedded resource, while paying little attention to its subjective constructivism. To fully understand the social capital, we must fully consider its two sides: it is not only an objective embedded resource, but it must be subjectively influenced by the change of “relationship ”, so it will change with time Variety. In other words, social capital is both structural and constructive. By introducing Bourdieu’s concept of “Habitat ” and “Field ”, starting with the interactive case between Nian Gengyao and Yongzheng, we can reflect on the traditional definitions of social capital and propose “constructiveness Social Capital ”: The Subjective Judgment of Actor’s Habit to Field Resources. On this basis, by clarifying the distribution and accumulation patterns of constructive social capital, three models of structural, constructive and dynamic evolution of social capital are put forward. Combining the behavioral economics theory with the relevant function suggestions, we can further deepen our understanding of Social capital generation, accumulation and evolution of understanding, so as to provide a basis for social capital measurement methods and dynamic analysis.