古代汉语的词类划分与现代汉语略有不同。实词一般包括名词、动词、形容词及数词等,虚词包括代词、副词、介词、连词及助词等。某个词属于某一词类比较固定,各类词在语句中充当什么成分也有一定的分工。比如名词、代词常用作主语、宾语、定语,动词常用作谓语,形容词常用作定语、状语和谓语,数词常用作定语,副词常用作状语、补语,等等,这些 The division of parts of speech in ancient Chinese is slightly different from that of modern Chinese. Real words generally include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and numerals, and virtual words include pronouns, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and auxiliary particles. A certain word belongs to a certain class of words and is fixed, and what kinds of words act as components in a sentence also has a certain division of labor. For example, nouns and pronouns are often used as subjects, objects, and attributives. Verbs are often used as predicates. Adjectives are often used as attributives, adverbials, and predicates. Numerals are often used as attributives, adverbs are often used as adverbials, complements, and so on.