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目的了解中国B′和B′/C亚型HIV/AIDS患者tat第一外显子的基因序列及其二级结构的特征和变异特点,探讨其与HIV-1感染疾病进展之间的关系。方法从辽宁、吉林和云南省HIV-1感染者中选取病情呈缓慢进展的B′亚型感染者8例和B′/C亚型感染者5例,选择年龄、性别感染时间与前二者匹配的病情呈典型进展的B′亚型感染者26例和B′/C亚型感染者9例。采集外周静脉血,提取前病毒DNA,用巢式聚合酶链反应扩增HIV-1的tat基因,纯化后直接进行基因序列测定,序列编辑后翻译成氨基酸序列,进行氨基酸变异情况分析和二级结构预测。结果B′和B′/C亚型缓慢进展者、典型进展者Tat第一外显子中发现多种氨基酸替换,但除A58T外均未显示出与病毒载量以及疾病进展的明确相关性。23N、31S、32Y、46F变异均显示出亚型特异性；Tat蛋白的二级结构未发现规律性变化。结论中国HIV/AIDS患者tat第一外显子某些位点的基因变异,如A58T可能与病毒载量以及疾病进展有关,Tat蛋白的二级结构可能与HIV感染后的疾病进展无明显关系。
Objective To understand the characteristics and variations of the tat exon 1 gene sequence and its secondary structure in Chinese B ’and B’ / C subtypes of HIV / AIDS patients and to explore its relationship with the progression of HIV-1 infection. Methods 8 cases of B ’subtype infection and 5 cases of B’ / C subtype infection were selected from HIV-1 infected persons in Liaoning, Jilin and Yunnan Provinces. The age and gender of infection were compared with the former two 26 cases of matched B ’subtype infection and 9 cases of B’ / C subtype infection matched with typical progression. Peripheral venous blood was collected and the proviral DNA was extracted. The tat gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The tat gene of HIV-1 was directly purified and sequenced. The sequence was then translated into amino acid sequence and analyzed for amino acid variation. Structure prediction. Results There were a variety of amino acid substitutions found in the first exons of Tat, typical progression, in patients with slow progression of the B ’and B’ / C subtypes but no clear correlation with viral load and disease progression except A58T. The variation of 23N, 31S, 32Y and 46F showed subtype specificity. The secondary structure of Tat protein showed no regular change. CONCLUSION: The genetic variation of some exons of tat in Chinese HIV / AIDS patients such as A58T may be related to viral load and disease progression. The secondary structure of Tat protein may not be related to the progression of HIV infection.