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目的:对水蒸气蒸馏法(SD法)、超临界CO_2萃取法(SFECD法)提取的人参花挥发性成分进行分析比较,并鉴定人参花中的脂肪酸成分。方法:利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS技术)检测提取物及酸催化的人参花脂肪酸衍生物。色谱条件:采用HP-5ms(30 mm×0.25 mm×0.25μm)石英毛细管柱,载气为氦气,流速为1 m L·min~(-1),汽化室温度280℃,进样方式为分流进样,分流比为50∶1(挥发油)及30∶1(脂肪酸衍生物),进样量为1μL,溶剂延迟时间为3.8 min;检测以SD法提取的挥发油,以SFECD法提取的挥发油,以及脂肪酸衍生物时的柱温采用不同的升温程序。质谱条件:电离源为EI源,电离能量为70 e V,离子源温度230℃,四极杆温度150℃,加速电压1 300 V,质量扫描范围为m/z 50~550。以峰面积归一化法测得挥发油各组分相对百分含量。结果:通过与数据库及文献比对,鉴定出以SD法提取的挥发油中的67种成分,以SFECD法提取的挥发油中的20种成分,以峰面积归一化法计算上述2种提取方法提取的各组分相对百分含量分别占挥发油总流出物峰面积的89.67%及61.84%。水蒸气法提取人参花挥发油组分中含量超过1%的共有11个,全部为萜类;SFECD法提取人参花挥发油流出物中,含量在1%以上的有9个化合物,经酸催化衍生后鉴定出13种脂肪酸,主要为亚油酸、十四甲基-十五酸、亚麻酸,棕榈酸。结论:水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油中低沸点,高挥发性组分含量较多,而超临界CO_2萃取法可萃取出较高的极性、高沸点组分,表明超临界法提取的挥发油分解情况较少,稳定性更好。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the volatile components of ginseng flowers extracted by steam distillation (SD method) and supercritical CO2 extraction (SFECD method), and to identify the fatty acid components of ginseng flowers. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect extracts and acid-catalyzed fatty acid derivatives of ginseng. Chromatographic conditions: HP-5ms (30 mm × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) quartz capillary column was used. The carrier gas was helium, the flow rate was 1 m L · min -1 and the temperature of the vaporization chamber was 280 ℃. (1: 1) and the solvent delay time was 3.8 min. The volatile oil extracted by SD method and the volatile oil extracted by SFECD method , As well as the temperature of the fatty acid derivative when using different temperature programs. Mass spectrometry conditions: The ionization source was an EI source, the ionization energy was 70 eV, the ion source temperature was 230 ° C, the quadrupole temperature was 150 ° C, the acceleration voltage was 1 300 V, and the mass scanning range was m / z 50-550. The peak area normalization method to determine the relative percentage of volatile oil components. Results: Through the comparison with the database and literature, we identified 67 components in the volatile oil extracted by SD method and 20 components in the volatile oil extracted by SFECD method, and the above two extraction methods were calculated by the peak area normalization method The relative percentages of the components accounted for 89.67% and 61.84% of the total effluent peak area of volatile oil respectively. There were 11 compounds with more than 1% of volatile oil components extracted by water vapor method, and all of them were terpenoids. SFECD method was used to extract 9 volatile oil compounds with more than 1% Thirteen fatty acids were identified, mainly linoleic acid, tetradecamethyl-pentadecanoic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid. Conclusion: The content of low-boiling and high-volatile components in the volatile oil extracted by steam distillation is higher, while the higher-polarity and higher-boiling components can be extracted by supercritical CO_2 extraction, indicating that the volatile oil extracted by supercritical fluid is decomposed Fewer cases, better stability.