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针对采用CO2激光和三维(3D)激光切割机切割镀锌钢车身覆盖件时,上、下坡和转角处易发生碰撞和过烧等问题,提出相应改进措施。通过添加工艺点,调整切割头方向,使其偏离法线方向一个角度可以消除碰撞。实验发现,为获得切缝质量好、切割精度高及热影响层小的3D切割工件,应尽可能使切割头位姿改变时光束入射角小于20°。通过降低激光功率、采用脉冲激光并减小占空比或采用空气作为辅助气体等能有效避免上、下坡和转角处切割时产生过烧。同时,从切缝宽度、切割面粗糙度、切割面波纹及热影响层宽度等方面对3D切割工件质量进行了评定。
Aiming at the problems of collision and over-burning on the up and down slope and corner when cutting the galvanized steel body cover by CO2 laser and three-dimensional (3D) laser cutting machine, the corresponding improvement measures are put forward. By adding process points, adjust the cutting head direction, so that it deviates from the normal direction of an angle to eliminate collisions. The experiment shows that in order to obtain the 3D cutting workpiece with good kerf quality, high cutting precision and small heat affected zone, the incident angle of the light beam should be less than 20 ° when the pose of the cutting head is changed. By reducing the laser power, the use of pulsed laser and reduce the duty cycle or the use of air as an auxiliary gas, etc., can effectively avoid overhill, downhill and corner cutting at the time of over-burning. At the same time, the quality of 3D cutting workpiece was evaluated from the aspects of kerf width, roughness of cutting surface, cutting surface corrugation and heat affected layer width.