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目的:探讨γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)信号对小鼠胎盘形成的影响。方法:免疫组织化学检测妊娠小鼠第9日至第14日(D 9~14)胎盘中GABA的表达,对D 7~13孕鼠腹腔注射0.04 g/kg、0.20 g/kg、1.00 g/kg GABA,D 14时称量各组胎盘和胚胎,HE染色观察胎盘形态学变化,免疫组织化学检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达情况。结果:GABA主要表达于D 9的外胎盘锥(ecto-placental cone,Epc)、D10的绒毛膜板(chorionic plates,Cp)和D 11~14的海绵滋养细胞层(spongiotrophoblast,Sp)。与对照组(生理盐水)比较,不同浓度的GABA处理组的胚胎质量均显著下降(P<0.001),胎盘蜕膜区明显增厚,而海绵滋养层变得较密集并失去海绵样结构,随着GABA浓度增加,迷路滋养层变薄,胎儿血窦及母体血管减少。同时,0.20 g/kg和1.00 g/kg GABA处理组的蜕膜区、海绵滋养层和迷路滋养层中处于增殖期的细胞数量明显增多,差异有极显著统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:GABA可能通过调节蜕膜细胞和滋养层细胞的增殖,从而参与了小鼠胎盘的形成过程。
Objective: To investigate the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signal on placenta formation in mice. Methods: The expression of GABA in the placenta of pregnant mice from the 9th day to the 14th day (D 9 ~ 14) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The intraperitoneal injections of 0.04 g / kg, 0.20 g / kg and 1.00 g / Placenta and embryos of each group were weighed at GABA and D14, the morphological changes of placenta were observed by HE staining, and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: GABA was mainly expressed in the ecto-placental cone (Epc) of D9, chorionic plates (D10) and spongiotrophoblast (Sp) of D11-14. Compared with the control group (normal saline), the embryo quality of the GABA treated groups were significantly decreased (P <0.001), the placental decidua area was significantly thicker, while the sponge trophoblast became dense and lost the sponge-like structure, with With GABA concentration increased, lost trophoblast thinning, fetal sinusoids and maternal blood vessels decreased. At the same time, the numbers of proliferating cells in the decidua, sponge trophoblast and vagotomized trophoblast of 0.20 g / kg and 1.00 g / kg GABA treatment groups were significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion: GABA may be involved in the formation of mouse placenta by regulating the proliferation of decidual cells and trophoblast cells.