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本文讨论了一种适用于研究地面物体的微波辐射特性和对运动目标进行跟踪制导或自动成像系统的八毫米波段无源全功率式遥感辐射计的研制和设计。该辐射计的增益稳定性可以得到显著改善,其灵敏度可以大大得到提高,致使可以与以往常用的各种型式的迪克(DICKE)开关式辐射计相媲美。辐射计的可测亮度温度的动态范围在300K至20K之间。当辐射计系统终端积分时间常数为1.5毫秒时,输出噪声起伏的均方根值优于1.3K。同时,它还具有设计简单、体积小、重量轻、成本低、易于全集成化、坚固可靠等优点,这是其它型式的辐射计所不能及的。最后介绍了我们研制和设计的八毫米无源跟踪式全功率遥感辐射计的主要技术指标的测量结果和用液氮冷却低温标准噪声源的校准定标方法。大量的测量结果数据是通过辐射计终端配备的微型计算机来进行数据收集和处理的。
This article discusses the development and design of an eight millimeter band passive full power remote radiometer suitable for studying the characteristics of microwave radiation of ground objects and tracking and guidance or automatic imaging systems for moving targets. The radiometer’s gain stability can be significantly improved and its sensitivity greatly improved, making it comparable to the DICKE switch radiometers used in the past. Radiometer measurable brightness temperature dynamic range between 300K to 20K. When the radiometer system terminal integration time constant of 1.5 milliseconds, the output noise rms RMS better than 1.3K. At the same time, it also has the advantages of simple design, small size, light weight, low cost, easy to be fully integrated, robust and reliable, which other types of radiometers can not. Finally, we introduce the measurement results of the main technical specifications of the eight millimeter passive tracking full power remote sensing radiometer we developed and designed, and the calibration calibration method of the low noise standard noise source with liquid nitrogen. A large amount of measurement data is collected and processed by a microcomputer equipped with a radiometer terminal.