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请看这个句子:He and a colleague are to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. 句意为“他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。”许多同学认为to spend 是不定式做表语,其实are to spend 是一个整体,表示将来时。这种“be+不定式”的结构还有很多用法:
1. “be+不定式”作表语。这时主语是名词,不定式或不定式短语说明主语的具体内容。如:
My dream is to study in Beijing University. 我的梦想是在北京大学学习。
The way to learn Chinese well is to read widely. 学好语文的方法是广泛阅读。
2. “be+不定式”表示事先安排或计划要做的事。如:
We are to have a meeting to discuss the plan this evening. 我们准备今晚开会来讨论这个计划。
The underground is to be open to traffic next month. 这条地铁将在下个月通车。
这种结构所表示的动作,一般都是可控制的。如果所表达的情形是无法控制的,就要用be going to结构。如:
He is going to be fat. 他要长胖了。
It’s going to rain. 要下雨了。
3. 主语是第二、三人称时,“be+不定式”表示命令、要求。如:
You are to finish your homework before you watch TV. 你必须完成作业后,才能看电视。
Guests are to be back in the hotel by twelve o’clock. 客人务必在十二点之前赶回宾馆。
The letter is to be handed to him in person. 这封信务必亲自交给他。
另外,“be+不定式”的被动形式的否定句表示“禁止做……”。
The doctor said the patient is not to be moved. 医生说病人不可以被移动。
Reference books are not to be taken out of the library. 参考书严禁带出图书馆。
4. “be+不定式”也可用在条件句中,有两种情况:
(1)用在陈述式的条件句中,表示某种意图,相当于“想要,打算”等意思。
If we are to be at the station by nine o’clock,we must go now. 我们想要在九点赶到车站的话,必须现在就走。
If you are to achieve your dream, you must redouble your efforts. 想要实现你的梦想,你就得加倍努力。
(2)“were+不定式”用在if, as if等引导的从句中,表示虚拟,假设未来。
If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这事,我会用另一种方法。
We wouldn’t lose heart even if we were to fail again. 即使再次失败,我也不会气馁。
上面句子中的were to还可用should来代替。
(3)were to have done sth也是一种虚拟语气,表示本来要做某事,结果却没做。
I were to have seen you yesterday evening, but an unexpected friend came. 我本来昨晚要去看你的,但是来了一位不速之客。
1. “be+不定式”作表语。这时主语是名词,不定式或不定式短语说明主语的具体内容。如:
My dream is to study in Beijing University. 我的梦想是在北京大学学习。
The way to learn Chinese well is to read widely. 学好语文的方法是广泛阅读。
2. “be+不定式”表示事先安排或计划要做的事。如:
We are to have a meeting to discuss the plan this evening. 我们准备今晚开会来讨论这个计划。
The underground is to be open to traffic next month. 这条地铁将在下个月通车。
这种结构所表示的动作,一般都是可控制的。如果所表达的情形是无法控制的,就要用be going to结构。如:
He is going to be fat. 他要长胖了。
It’s going to rain. 要下雨了。
3. 主语是第二、三人称时,“be+不定式”表示命令、要求。如:
You are to finish your homework before you watch TV. 你必须完成作业后,才能看电视。
Guests are to be back in the hotel by twelve o’clock. 客人务必在十二点之前赶回宾馆。
The letter is to be handed to him in person. 这封信务必亲自交给他。
另外,“be+不定式”的被动形式的否定句表示“禁止做……”。
The doctor said the patient is not to be moved. 医生说病人不可以被移动。
Reference books are not to be taken out of the library. 参考书严禁带出图书馆。
4. “be+不定式”也可用在条件句中,有两种情况:
(1)用在陈述式的条件句中,表示某种意图,相当于“想要,打算”等意思。
If we are to be at the station by nine o’clock,we must go now. 我们想要在九点赶到车站的话,必须现在就走。
If you are to achieve your dream, you must redouble your efforts. 想要实现你的梦想,你就得加倍努力。
(2)“were+不定式”用在if, as if等引导的从句中,表示虚拟,假设未来。
If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这事,我会用另一种方法。
We wouldn’t lose heart even if we were to fail again. 即使再次失败,我也不会气馁。
上面句子中的were to还可用should来代替。
(3)were to have done sth也是一种虚拟语气,表示本来要做某事,结果却没做。
I were to have seen you yesterday evening, but an unexpected friend came. 我本来昨晚要去看你的,但是来了一位不速之客。