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氨基糖作为海洋环境中一类具有重要地球化学特征的有机质,其在海水、颗粒物和沉积物中的含量和组成等信息能够有效反映有机质的来源、降解过程及成岩状态。从氨基糖的来源与组成、海洋环境中的分布特征和影响因素,以及其作为生物标志物对有机质来源和降解状态的指示作用等方面,系统总结了海洋环境中氨基糖的研究进展。结果表明,氨基糖的活性受其大分子形态、环境中溶解氧、营养盐水平和沉积环境的影响。葡萄糖胺/半乳糖胺(Glc N/GalN)和总可水解氨基酸/总可水解氨基糖(THAA/THAS)对有机质来源和降解状态的指示具有一致性,较高的Glc N/GalN和THAA/THAS值可反映浮游生物来源的新鲜有机质,其比值的降低表明有机质逐渐向细菌有机质转化。氨基糖的碳、氮归一化含量对二者的指示具有差异性,其比例的升高和降低取决于有机质降解程度和来源影响的相对贡献大小。胞壁酸可用于估算较为新鲜的细菌有机质对总有机质的贡献,但由于其快速循环而导致在溶解有机质中的含量极低,不适合应用在溶解有机质中。今后的工作应进一步加强不同微生物对海洋环境中氨基糖的贡献,区分有机质来源和降解对氨基糖的影响以及转化和归宿研究。
As a kind of organic matter with important geochemical characteristics in marine environment, amino sugar content and composition information in seawater, particulate matter and sediment can effectively reflect the source of organic matter, degradation process and diagenetic state. The research progress of aminosugar in the marine environment was systematically summarized in terms of the origin and composition of amino sugars, the distribution characteristics and influencing factors in the marine environment, and their indication of the source and degradation status of organic matter as biomarkers. The results showed that the activity of amino sugar was influenced by its macromolecular morphology, dissolved oxygen in the environment, nutrient level and sedimentary environment. Glc N / GalN and total hydrolyzable amino acids / total hydrolyzable amino sugars (THAA / THAS) were consistent for indication of source and degradation status of organic matter, with higher Glc N / GalN and THAA / The THAS value reflects the fresh organic matter from plankton, and the decrease of the ratio shows that the organic matter gradually transforms into the organic matter of bacteria. Amino sugars of carbon and nitrogen normalized content of the difference between the two instructions, the proportion of the increase and decrease depends on the degree of degradation of organic matter and the relative contribution of the impact of the size. Muramic acid can be used to estimate the contribution of more fresh bacterial organisms to total organic matter, but due to its very fast cycling, very low levels in dissolved organic matter are not suitable for use in dissolved organic matter. Future work should further strengthen the contribution of different microorganisms to aminosugar in the marine environment, and to distinguish the effects of organic sources and degradation on amino sugars, as well as transformation and fate studies.