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[目的]研究甲醛和苯单独及联合染毒对小鼠神经系统的毒性作用,为综合评价甲醛和苯的联合毒性提供科学依据。[方法]选用健康清洁级昆明种纯系小鼠60只,随机分为10组,每组6只,雌雄各半,分别是阴性对照组(清洁空气)(G0);低(1mg/m3)(G1)、中(3mg/m3)(G2)、高(5mg/m3)(G3)剂量甲醛组;低(500mg/m3)(G4)、中(1500mg/m3)(G5)、高(2500mg/m3)(G6)剂量苯组;低(0.5mg/m3甲醛+250mg/m3苯)(G7)、中(1.5mg/m3甲醛+750mg/m3苯)(G8)、高(2.5mg/m3甲醛+1250mg/m3苯)(G9)剂量联合组。采用静式吸入染毒,每天2h,连续染毒14d。染毒结束后,采用Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠的学习记忆能力,并测定脑组织的氧化损伤水平。[结果]Morris水迷宫实验结果显示:在定位航行实验中,高剂量甲醛组,中、高剂量苯组和各联合剂量组小鼠逃避潜伏期长于对照组(P<0.05);与甲醛、苯单独组比较,中、高剂量联合组逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.05);在空间探索实验中,与对照组比较,中、高剂量甲醛组和高剂量苯组及各联合剂量组在目标象限游泳时间所占百分比减小(P<0.05);与甲醛、苯单独染毒组比较,各联合剂量组在目标象限游泳时间所占百分比均明显减小(P<0.05)。甲醛和苯单独染毒中、高剂量组及各联合剂量组的SOD活力均低于阴性对照组(P<0.05);各剂量甲醛组、高剂量苯组和各联合剂量组MDA含量均高于其阴性对照组(P<0.05)。与甲醛、苯单独染毒组比较,各联合剂量组SOD活力明显下降(P<0.05),MDA含量明显升高(P<0.05)。[结论]较高剂量甲醛和苯单独染毒对小鼠神经系统有一定毒性作用,甲醛和苯联合染毒对小鼠神经系统的毒性作用大于甲醛、苯单独染毒时的作用,二者联合毒性可能具有协同作用。
[Objective] To study the toxic effects of formaldehyde and benzene alone and in combination on the nervous system in mice and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive evaluation of the combined toxicity of formaldehyde and benzene. [Method] Sixty healthy Kunming purebred mice were randomly divided into 10 groups with 6 mice in each group, which were negative control group (clean air) (G0), low (1mg / m3) (G4), medium (1500mg / m3) (G5), high (2500mg / m3) (G2) and high (5mg / m3) / m3) (G6) Dosage Benzene group; Low (0.5mg / m3 Formaldehyde + 250mg / m3 Benzene) (G7) Medium (1.5mg / m3 Formaldehyde + 750mg / m3 Benzene) Formaldehyde + 1250mg / m3 benzene) (G9) dose combination group. The inhalation of static inhalation, daily 2h, continuous exposure 14d. After the exposure, Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice and the level of oxidative damage in brain tissue was determined. [Results] The results of Morris water maze test showed that the escape latency of high-dose formaldehyde group, moderate-high-dose benzene group and each combination group was longer than that of the control group (P <0.05) Compared with the control group, middle and high dose of formaldehyde group and high dose of benzene group and the combined dose group swimming in the target quadrant (P <0.05); In the space exploration experiment, compared with the control group, (P <0.05). Compared with formaldehyde and benzene alone groups, the percentage of swimming time in the target quadrant of each combination group decreased significantly (P <0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the activities of SOD in middle and high dose formaldehyde groups and benzene alone group were lower than those in the negative control group (P <0.05); the content of MDA in each dose of formaldehyde group, high dose benzene group and each combined dose group were higher than The negative control group (P <0.05). Compared with the formaldehyde and benzene alone groups, the SOD activity in each combination group decreased significantly (P <0.05) and MDA content increased significantly (P <0.05). [Conclusion] The higher doses of formaldehyde and benzene alone had certain toxic effects on the nervous system of mice. The toxic effects of formaldehyde and benzene on the nervous system of mice were greater than those of formaldehyde and benzene alone. Toxicity may have a synergistic effect.