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由于各国经济发展水平的差异,为了实现本国贸易利益最大化,各国政府纷纷借助于各种非关税壁垒和其他名义来实现贸易保护,贸易保护的形式已从关税措施为主发展到以非关税措施为主,特别是一些发达国家在享受贸易自由化带来的便利的同时,不断设置以技术法规、标准为主要内容的技术性贸易壁垒。为削弱和消除TBT对国际贸易的障碍作用,WTO对涉及到技术法规、标准、合格评定程序的贸易行为和必须履行的义务进行了规范。
Due to the differences in the level of economic development in various countries, in order to maximize the benefits of their own trade, governments of all countries have adopted various kinds of non-tariff barriers and other names to achieve trade protection. The form of trade protection has shifted from tariff measures to non-tariff measures In particular, some developed countries, while enjoying the convenience brought about by the liberalization of trade, have continuously set up technical barriers to trade based on technical regulations and standards. In order to weaken and eliminate the TBT’s impediment to international trade, the WTO has regulated trade practices and obligations that must be fulfilled in connection with technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures.