论文部分内容阅读
经国务院批准,中国人民银行决定从1998年1月1日起取消对国有商业银行贷款规模的限额控制,转而实行计划指导、自求平衡、比例管理、间接调控的新的管理体制,这是贯彻全国金融工作会议精神、加快和深化金融改革的一项重要举措,这对中央银行来说无疑标志着金融宏观调控方式的重大改革,而对国有商业银行来说又意味着什么呢?作为中央银行控制银行向企业贷款的手段,贷款限额管理办法已实行40多年。在贷款规模指令性计划管理体制下的国有商业银行,不仅其发放贷款的年度增量要由人民银行把关,未经批准不得突破,且对那些人行规定主要投向的贷款种类,诸如流动资金贷款、固定资产贷款、农付产品收购贷款、农业贷款、大修理贷款等也须专款专用,不得挪作他用。甚至发放贷款的基层银行要放贷不仅要有钱,更重要的是要有规模,没有规模,就需层层逐级向上反映,请求调剂,然后再层层布置到基层行,来回往复,其效率如何就可想而知了。这种用行政手段调控货币总需求,安排贷款结构,在市场经济快速发展的今天,已很难客观反映出全社会的货币支付能力,也难以达到宏观调控的预期效果,对国有商业银行来说,不但绑住了手脚,削弱了自主经营的权利,对于市场需要的变化也反应滞后,所以经济金融生活的种种变化,要求相应改革信贷资金管理体制。
With the approval of the State Council, the People’s Bank of China decided to abolish the quota control over the loan size of state-owned commercial banks as from January 1, 1998, and instead implement the new management system of planning guidance, self-balancing, proportional control and indirect regulation and control, which is Carrying out the spirit of the National Financial Work Conference and speeding up and deepening financial reform is an important measure that undoubtedly marks a major reform of the macro-control of the financial system by the Central Bank, but what does it mean for the state-owned commercial banks? As the Central Government Bank control bank loans to businesses means that the loan limit has been implemented for more than 40 years. The state-owned commercial banks under the loan-scale mandatory plan management system should not only be subject to the approval of the People’s Bank of China for annual increases in loans, but must also make breakthroughs without approval. The types of loans that are stipulated mainly by the PBOC, such as working capital loans, Loans for fixed assets, agricultural products acquisition loans, agricultural loans, major repairs loans, etc. shall also be earmarked and shall not be diverted for other purposes. Even the primary banks that issue loans should not only have more money to lend, but more importantly they need to have scale and no scale. They need to reflect the demands of each level gradually, request for adjustment, and then lay them down to the grassroots level for repeated visits. The efficiency How can we imagine. This kind of administrative means to control the total demand for money and to arrange the loan structure can not objectively reflect the ability of the whole society to pay money and the expected results of macroeconomic regulation. With the rapid development of the market economy, it is hard for the state-owned commercial banks , Not only tied the hands and feet, weakened the right to operate independently, but also lagged behind the changes in market demand. Therefore, various changes in economic and financial life require a corresponding reform of the credit fund management system.