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20世纪30年代,中国思想界发生了一场关于“民主与独裁”的论争。胡适以世界大同主义为指导,坚持个人自由与民族复兴并重,主张中国实行民主宪政;蒋廷黻则以民族危机为逻辑起点,坚持民族复兴优先于个人自由,主张暂时搁置自由主义,在中国实行专制政治。他们各自执持的世界大同主义、民族主义,都形成于留学美国期间,是引发论争的根本原因。
In the 1930s, a debate on “democracy and dictatorship” took place in Chinese intellectual circles. Guided by the principle of world monopoly, Hu Shih insisted on equal emphasis on individual freedom and national rejuvenation and advocated that China implement democratic constitutionalism. Jiang Ting-t’ao started from the ethnic crisis as a logical starting point and insisted that the national rejuvenation take precedence over individual liberty. He advocated temporarily putting aside liberalism and implementing tyranny in China . During the period of studying in the United States, the worldly commonalities and nationalisms they held themselves were the root cause of the controversy.