目的了解青海省农村居民膳食结构特点,为进一步开展慢性病的干预提供科学依据。方法采用典型抽样调查方法,于2010年5月对青海省平安县2个自然村所有18岁及以上人群进行调查,利用食物频率法询问个体主要食物摄入频率和摄入量,同时采用家庭称重法对60户家庭的食盐和油脂消费量进行调查。结果对比中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐量,908名调查对象谷类薯类及杂豆、畜禽肉类、蛋类每日人均摄入量分别为621.91、90.50和29.56g;奶类及奶制品、大豆类及坚果每日人均摄入量分别为60.48、31.21g;鱼虾类每日人均摄入量为2.75g;调查对象新鲜蔬菜和水果每日食用率分别为89.65%和10.90%,人均摄入量分别为262.75、44.23g,蔬菜和水果摄入量低于膳食宝塔建议量的比例分别71.81%和96.70%;调查家庭中人均食盐和烹调油摄入量分别为12.62、65.52g。结论青海省农村被调查居民膳食结构呈“三高一低”的特点,即高盐、高油、高畜禽肉类和低蔬菜水果类摄入,是典型的慢性病高风险膳食。为有效预防和控制慢性病的发生发展,建议针对西部农村地区人群特点,提供有针对性的膳食改善、健康教育和适宜干预技术和措施以及政策支持,以促进农村居民健康膳食和健康生活方式的形成,从长远的角度预防和控制农村居民慢性病。 Objective To understand the dietary characteristics of rural residents in Qinghai Province and provide a scientific basis for further intervention in chronic diseases. Methods A typical sample survey method was used to survey all 18-year-olds and above in 2 natural villages in Ping’an County of Qinghai Province in May 2010, and to inquire about the frequency and intake of main food intake by food frequency method. At the same time, Law on the 60 households salt and fat consumption survey. Results Compared with the recommended pagoda of balanced diet for Chinese residents, the per capita daily intakes of 908 surveyed subjects were 621.91, 90.50 and 29.56 g for cereals, legumes, poultry meat and eggs respectively. The milk and dairy products, The per capita daily intake of fruits and vegetables were 60.48 and 31.21g respectively, and the per capita daily intake of fish and shrimps was 2.75g. The daily consumption rates of fresh vegetables and fruits were 89.65% and 10.90% The quantities of vegetables and fruits were 71.81% and 96.70%, respectively. The per capita consumption of salt and cooking oil in the survey families were 12.62 and 65.52g respectively. Conclusion The dietary patterns of residents surveyed in rural areas of Qinghai Province are characterized by “high, low, high”, that is, high salt, high oil, high livestock and poultry meat and low vegetable and fruit intake is a typical chronic disease high-risk diet. In order to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of chronic diseases, it is suggested to provide targeted dietary improvement, health education and appropriate intervention techniques and measures and policy support to promote the healthy diet and healthy lifestyle of rural residents according to the characteristics of people in rural areas of western China , To prevent and control chronic diseases of rural residents in the long run.