目的探讨山东省儿科住院儿童疾病谱的变化规律,并以此提出相应的对策。方法采用多阶段分层随机方法抽取山东省儿科住院患者,将1998～2009年12年间住院患儿的病案首页内容输入数据库进行汇总,分为四个阶段进行分析。计算各阶段系统疾病构成以及各阶段单病种构成,观察其动态变化。结果 (1)12年来山东省儿科住院患儿人数呈上升趋势;(2)12年来呼吸系统疾病一直占山东省住院患儿的第一位,占45%左右,肺炎占总呼吸系统疾病的首位,其次为支气管炎、上呼吸道感染和支气管哮喘等;(3)围产期疾病正逐步成为我省住院患儿的第二位,尤其是新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病;(4)传染病构成比逐渐下降,但近三年又上升,尤其是手足口病明显增多。结论呼吸系统疾病仍然是儿科的主要病种,但部分传染病和缺氧缺血性脑病住院人数增加,应采取应对措施,预防并减少这些疾病的发生。 Objective To investigate the changes of pediatric disease spectrum in pediatric inpatients in Shandong Province and to put forward corresponding countermeasures. Methods A multi-stage stratified randomized method was used to collect pediatric inpatients in Shandong Province. The first page of the inpatient cases of inpatients in the 12-year period from 1998 to 2009 was input into the database and summarized into four stages for analysis. Calculate the constitution of disease at each stage and the constitution of single disease in each stage, observe its dynamic changes. Results (1) The number of pediatric inpatient pediatric patients in Shandong Province has been on an upward trend in the past 12 years. (2) Respiratory diseases have been the first hospitalized pediatric patient in Shandong Province for 12 years, accounting for about 45% of the total. Respiratory diseases account for the highest proportion of pneumonia , Followed by bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infections and bronchial asthma, etc .; (3) perinatal diseases are gradually becoming the second hospitalized children in our province, especially neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; (4) infectious diseases Composition ratio gradually decreased, but in the past three years and increased, especially significantly increased hand-foot-mouth disease. Conclusions Respiratory diseases are still the major pediatric diseases. However, the number of infectious diseases and hospitalizations for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy should increase. Countermeasures should be taken to prevent and reduce the incidence of these diseases.