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放线菌是抗生素的主要来源之一,在人类对抗由致病菌产生的感染性疾病的过程中发挥了不可替代的防治作用。近年来,由于耐药菌株的不断涌现,促使人们加快寻找新的抗生素的步伐。寄生于动物体内的共生放线菌,是目前药用微生物资源的一个重要来源,也是当前微生物药物研究领域的一个热点。这些微生物在与动物互生共存的演化过程中,组成了一个动物-细菌共同体,进而构建成为一个协调而相对独立的微生态环境。在这一特殊环境中,放线菌所产生的次级代谢产物,既可被动物机体所耐受,又具有抑制特定病原微生物的活性。这类次级代谢产物种类繁多、结构特异,具有抗细菌、真菌、病毒、肿瘤及免疫调节等多种生物活性,具备开发成为新型药物的巨大潜力。本文旨在总结近十年来关于动物来源放线菌的次级代谢产物及其生物学活性的研究进展,为进一步开发新型药物提供参考和研究策略。
Actinomycetes is one of the main sources of antibiotics, play an irreplaceable role in the prevention and treatment of human infectious diseases caused by pathogens. In recent years, due to the continuous emergence of resistant strains, prompting people to speed up the search for new antibiotics. Parasitic actinomycetes parasitic in animals is an important source of current medicinal microbial resources and is also a hot spot in the field of microbial medicine research. These microorganisms formed an animal-bacterial community in the evolutionary process that co-existed with the animals and were thus constructed into a coordinated and relatively independent micro-ecological environment. In this particular environment, the secondary metabolites produced by actinomycetes are both tolerated by the animal’s body and inhibit the activity of specific pathogenic microorganisms. Such a wide range of secondary metabolites, structurally specific, with a variety of biological activity of anti-bacterial, fungal, viral, tumor and immune regulation, with great potential to develop into a new drug. This article aims to summarize the research progress of the secondary metabolites of actinomycetes from animal sources and their biological activities in recent ten years and provide reference and research strategies for further development of new drugs.