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目的分析掌握海南省斑疹伤寒流行病学特征,为制定防控策略、措施提供科学依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法对1990～2010年海南省斑疹伤寒流行情况进行统计分析。结果 20世纪90年代开始海南省斑疹伤寒出现增多的趋势,占解放以来病例总数的近80%。1990～2010期间,地区分布显示不平衡(χ2=207.88,P﹤0.05),五指山市为明显高发地区,年均发病率超过全省平均发病水平3237.56%,其余市(县)年均发病率均低于或接近全省平均水平。时间上发病主要集中在夏秋季,具有明显的季节分布特点。发病人群以农民、工人、学生为主,占61.08%。年龄上20～35岁年龄段的青壮年居多。男性多于女性,性别比1.63:1。结论随着全球自然生态环境的极端改变,一些虫媒传染病卷土重来,斑疹伤寒发病率出现上升的势头,今后应针对高危场所、重点人群加强疫情监测,加大防控力度。
Objective To analyze and grasp the epidemiological characteristics of typhus in Hainan Province and provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of typhus in Hainan Province from 1990 to 2010. Results The incidence of typhus increased in Hainan since the 1990s, accounting for nearly 80% of the total number of cases since the liberation. During the period from 1990 to 2010, the regional distribution showed an imbalance (χ2 = 207.88, P <0.05). Wuzhishan was a high incidence area with an average annual incidence of 3237.56%. The average annual incidence of other cities Below or close to the provincial average. Time incidence mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, with a clear seasonal distribution. The incidence of people to farmers, workers, students, accounting for 61.08%. Most young adults aged 20 to 35 years of age. More men than women, sex ratio 1.63: 1. Conclusions With the extreme changes in the natural environment around the world, the incidence of typhus has been on the rise due to the resurgence of some insect-borne diseases and the prevention and control of epidemics should be strengthened in high-risk places and key populations.