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食管静脉曲张出血乃是门脉高压(2～6mmHg以上)尤其是肝硬化患者死亡的主要原因。当门脉压>12mmHg时,容易发生静脉曲张出血,如门脉压自动或经药物治疗降至12mmHg以下则出血危险消失。跨肝的压力梯度(P)=门脉流量(F)乘贯通肝脏的血管阻力(R)。多数门脉高压病例是门静脉系统中门脉血流阻力增加所致。Polio认为食管曲张静脉出血的危险与曲张静脉壁张力(T)平行,直接与穿壁性压力(Ptr)和曲张静脉的半径(r)呈正比,与曲张静脉壁厚度(W)呈反正(T=Ptr.r/W)。基于这些病理生理学考虑,
Esophageal variceal bleeding but portal hypertension (2 ~ 6mmHg above), especially in patients with liver cirrhosis is the main cause of death. When the portal pressure> 12mmHg, prone to varicose bleeding, such as portal pressure automatically or by drug treatment to 12mmHg below the risk of bleeding disappear. Pressure gradient across the liver (P) = portal flow (F) by vascular resistance (R) across the liver. Most cases of portal hypertension are due to increased portal resistance in the portal system. Polio concluded that the risk of esophageal variceal bleeding was parallel to the varicose vein wall tension (T), directly proportional to the transmural pressure (Ptr) and the varicose vein radius (r), and to the varicose vein wall thickness (W) = Ptr.r / W). Based on these pathophysiological considerations,