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目的从学生和家长两方面探讨影响学生使用书包主观感觉的相关因素,为培育学生正确使用书包提供可行的措施。方法分层随机整群抽取上海市金山区5所小学999名学生及其家长纳入本研究。主观感觉指标为整体劳累感及肌肉骨骼系统(颈、肩、后背、腰)的不适,所有问卷为自行设计,问卷调查采用现场自填和观察完成。结果自感书包重的学生发生整体劳累感及所有骨骼肌肉不适的风险均大于自感为不重学生的3倍;书包背带过长的学生发生颈、肩部、后背不适感的风险均约为书包背带适中的1.5倍。家长对学生控制书包重量指导<2次/周发生整体劳累感及所有骨骼肌肉不适的风险约为经常指导的1.5倍,家长对书包相关的健康知识得分越低学生整体劳累感的发生风险也较高。结论学生自感书包重量和家长对学生使用书包的指导行为可影响学生使用书包的主观感觉。应减少学生书包重量,提高家长认知水平,引导孩子规范使用书包。
Objective To explore the relevant factors that affect students ’subjective perception of using bag from two aspects of students and parents, and provide feasible measures for cultivating students’ correct use of school bag. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 999 students from 5 primary schools and their parents in Jinshan District of Shanghai. The subjective sensory index was the overall exertion and the discomfort of the musculoskeletal system (neck, shoulder, back and waist). All the questionnaires were designed by themselves. The survey was completed by on-site self-filling and observation. The results of self-induced bag heavier students overall sense of exertion and all skeletal muscle discomfort, the risk is greater than three times the self-inductance is not heavy students; students with long straps of students neck, shoulders, back, the risk of discomfort are about 1.5 times the bag strap moderate. Parental weight control on student control bag <2 times / week The risk of overall exertion and all skeletal muscle discomfort is about 1.5 times of that of regular guidance. The parents ’lower score on health knowledge relative to school bag is also more risky for students’ overall exertion. high. Conclusions Students ’self-induced bag weight and parents’ guidance to students on the use of school bags can influence the subjective feeling of students using school bags. Should reduce the weight of school bags, improve the level of cognition of parents, guide children to regulate the use of school bags.