论文部分内容阅读
文化人类学家们认识到,他们所研究的民族虽然觉察到了自己文化的所有方面都具有某些价值,但总还是认为自己文化的某些方面较之另一些方面富有更加重大的意义。拉尔夫·林顿于1936年对这个问题的思路进行过概括,指出文化要素是通过区分为范畴来反映它们对整个文化体系的意义的。他以一个社会中的成员分享这些要素的程度为根据,利用诸多一般性的与交替性的概念,反映意义的不同水平。林顿以及其他继续进行这项探讨的人并没有明确.文化要素的意义究竟是由研究中的民族根据他们所理解的有关标准,比如对宗教制度的贡献加以确定呢,还是用另外的标准,比如对民族生存的贡献界定意义的文化科学家来确定。
Cultural anthropologists have realized that while the nations they study perceive to be of some value in all aspects of their culture, there is always the impression that certain aspects of one’s own culture are more significant than others. Ralph Linton summed up the idea of this issue in 1936, pointing out that cultural elements reflect their significance to the entire cultural system by distinguishing them into categories. Based on the extent to which members of a society share these elements, he uses many general and alternative concepts to reflect the different levels of meaning. Linton and others who continue this discussion are not clear.What is the significance of the cultural elements determined by the nations under study based on the relevant standards they understand, such as their contribution to the religious system, or by other criteria, Such as cultural scientists who define the meaning of the contribution to national survival.