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骨髓移植是目前治疗恶性白血病以及遗传性血液病最有效的方法之一。但是HLA相匹配的骨髓捐献者严重短缺,骨髓造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cells,HSCs)体外培养困难,在体外修复患者骨髓造血干细胞技术不成熟,这些都大大限制了骨髓移植在临床上的应用。多能性胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)具有自我更新能力,在合适的培养条件下分化形成各种血系细胞,是造血干细胞的另一来源。在过去的二十多年里,血发生的研究是干细胞生物学中最为活跃的领域之一。小鼠及人的胚胎干细胞方面的研究最近取得了重大进展。这篇综述总结了近年来从胚胎干细胞获得造血干细胞的成就,以及在安全和技术上的障碍。胚胎干细胞诱导生成可移植性血干细胞的研究能够使我们更好地了解正常和异常造血发生的机制,同时也为造血干细胞的临床应用提供理论和实验依据。
Bone marrow transplantation is currently one of the most effective ways to treat malignant leukemia and hereditary blood diseases. However, HLA-matched bone marrow donors have a serious shortage of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro culture difficulties, in vitro repair of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in immature technology, which have greatly restricted the clinical application of bone marrow transplantation. Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the ability of self-renewal and differentiate into various blood line cells under appropriate culture conditions, which is another source of hematopoietic stem cells. Over the past two decades or more, research into the development of blood has been one of the most active areas in stem cell biology. Recent advances have been made in the research of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. This review summarizes the recent achievements in obtaining hematopoietic stem cells from embryonic stem cells, as well as safety and technical barriers. The study of embryonic stem cells inducing the generation of transplantable stem cells can give us a better understanding of the mechanism of normal and abnormal hematopoiesis and provide the theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells.