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现代法治原则之下,为实现行政参与权利的充分、有效实现,最佳做法是为利害关系人参与行政过程营造一种“理想言谈情境”。“理想言谈情境”强调参与的平等性和参与后意见表达的自由性,由此,“理想言谈情境”下的行政参与应同时满足“在场性”和“参与实效”两项标准。前者可通过“听证”和“陈述及申辩”权的维护得以实现;后者的实现则有赖于“程序性权利”、行政公开、“禁止片面接触”原则的落实和相关配套制度的构建与完善。同时,还应对行政参与瑕疵采取“差序格局”式的司法审查及处理措施,以设定维护“理想言谈情境”的最后一道防线。
Under the rule of law, in order to realize the full and effective realization of the right of administrative participation, the best practice is to create an “ideal speech situation” for the interested parties to participate in the administrative process. “Ideal Speech Situations ” emphasizes the equality of participation and the freedom of opinion expression after participation. Therefore, the administrative participation under “ideal speech situation ” should satisfy “presence ” and “Two criteria. The former can be achieved through the maintenance of the ”hearing“ and ”statement and defense.“ The latter depends on the implementation of the principle of ”procedural rights“, administrative disclosure, and ”prohibiting one-sided contact.“ And related supporting system construction and improvement. At the same time, we should adopt a ”differential pattern“ judicial review and handling measures on administrative participation flaws to set the last line of defense for maintaining ”ideal speech situations."