一、前言腐植酸是植物死亡后的残体在微生物作用与化学作用(腐植化作用)下,最终形成的一种比较稳定的大分子天然物质。它广泛地分布在土壤、泥炭、风化煤、褐煤以及江海湖泊的水和沉积物之中。从外表看,腐植酸一般呈颜色较深的褐色,为无定形状态的固体;从分子水平去了解,可知其为主要含有羧基和羟基等功能团的聚电解质。对腐植酸化学结构的精细了解,遇到了 I. Introduction Humic acid is a kind of relatively stable macromolecule natural material which finally forms under the function of microorganism and chemical effect (humification). It is widely distributed in the soil, peat, weathered coal, lignite and water and sediment Jianghai lakes. From the outside, humic acid is generally dark brown in color and is an amorphous solid. Understanding from the molecular level shows that humic acid is a polyelectrolyte mainly containing functional groups such as carboxyl group and hydroxyl group. Fine understanding of the chemical structure of humic acid encountered