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1. 英语表示“人类”可以用man,human being,mankind和human race,但用法上稍有不同。
man作“人类”讲只用单数形式,前面可加冠词,多用于科技文章中。与man相应的代词有he,him,his,himself。例如:
Labour created man himself. 劳动创造了人类本身。
Man will conquer nature. 人类将征服自然。
human being是可数名词,有单、复数形式,指具体的人,区别于人以外的事物,如神、鬼、动物之类。例如:
Crusoe found that the bones among the ashes were not those of an animal, but of a human being.克鲁索发现灰堆里不是动物而是人的骨头。
mankind是集合名词,作单数用,前面不加冠词,一般指全人类,与其相应的代词是it,its,itself。例如:
Mankind is still in its youth. 人类现在还在青年时代。
Advances in science help mankind. 科学的进步有助于全人类。
human race与mankind相同,但前面要用冠词the,与其他生物种类对比而言。例如:
The human race can raise the race of fishes.人类可饲养鱼类。
2. “立刻、马上”可以用now,at once,immediately,in no time,in a minute,right now等多种形式表示。
now相当于immediately,right now等,使用最广。例如:
You must do it yourself now.
at once强调“毫不迟延”,比其他几个词更近一些。例如:
Come here at once!
at once还有“同时”之意。例如:
Don’t all speak at once!
immediately 表示的时间可以比at once稍长一些。例如:
I’ll be ready immediately.(暗示还需一点时间来准备)
immediately还可以作连词用,相当于as soon as。例如:
I told him immediately he came.
in no time比at once,immediately所表示的时间更远一些。例如:
In no time they repaired the machine.(强调短时间内)
in a minute 属于正式用语,表示“一会儿”,相当于soon, 比前面几个词表示的时间都远些。例如:
I’ll be back in a minute.(暗指时间不会太长)
right now,right away,right off都和now类似,在口语中常用。
3. 表示“打击”可以用beat,hit和strike,说“打击某人”时,三个词都可以用,如A bullet beat/hit/struck him on the head.(子弹击中头部)
beat还可以表示“打破(纪录)”“打胜”“(心脏)跳动”等意思。例如:
He beat the world record in the high jump.
I’m not very good at chess. He always beats me.
His heart was beating quickly.
hit还有“达到(水平)”“猜中、说对”等意思。例如:
Unemployment(失业) once hit 8 millions.
You have hit it.
strike还有“感动”“咬伤”“罢工”等意思。例如:
What struck me most was the drive of the masses(群众的干劲).
He was struck by a snake.
The workers are going to strike.
man作“人类”讲只用单数形式,前面可加冠词,多用于科技文章中。与man相应的代词有he,him,his,himself。例如:
Labour created man himself. 劳动创造了人类本身。
Man will conquer nature. 人类将征服自然。
human being是可数名词,有单、复数形式,指具体的人,区别于人以外的事物,如神、鬼、动物之类。例如:
Crusoe found that the bones among the ashes were not those of an animal, but of a human being.克鲁索发现灰堆里不是动物而是人的骨头。
mankind是集合名词,作单数用,前面不加冠词,一般指全人类,与其相应的代词是it,its,itself。例如:
Mankind is still in its youth. 人类现在还在青年时代。
Advances in science help mankind. 科学的进步有助于全人类。
human race与mankind相同,但前面要用冠词the,与其他生物种类对比而言。例如:
The human race can raise the race of fishes.人类可饲养鱼类。
2. “立刻、马上”可以用now,at once,immediately,in no time,in a minute,right now等多种形式表示。
now相当于immediately,right now等,使用最广。例如:
You must do it yourself now.
at once强调“毫不迟延”,比其他几个词更近一些。例如:
Come here at once!
at once还有“同时”之意。例如:
Don’t all speak at once!
immediately 表示的时间可以比at once稍长一些。例如:
I’ll be ready immediately.(暗示还需一点时间来准备)
immediately还可以作连词用,相当于as soon as。例如:
I told him immediately he came.
in no time比at once,immediately所表示的时间更远一些。例如:
In no time they repaired the machine.(强调短时间内)
in a minute 属于正式用语,表示“一会儿”,相当于soon, 比前面几个词表示的时间都远些。例如:
I’ll be back in a minute.(暗指时间不会太长)
right now,right away,right off都和now类似,在口语中常用。
3. 表示“打击”可以用beat,hit和strike,说“打击某人”时,三个词都可以用,如A bullet beat/hit/struck him on the head.(子弹击中头部)
beat还可以表示“打破(纪录)”“打胜”“(心脏)跳动”等意思。例如:
He beat the world record in the high jump.
I’m not very good at chess. He always beats me.
His heart was beating quickly.
hit还有“达到(水平)”“猜中、说对”等意思。例如:
Unemployment(失业) once hit 8 millions.
You have hit it.
strike还有“感动”“咬伤”“罢工”等意思。例如:
What struck me most was the drive of the masses(群众的干劲).
He was struck by a snake.
The workers are going to strike.