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为给高产小麦合理灌溉和氮肥施用提供科学依据,以小麦品种豫麦49-198为材料,在豫北高产麦田研究了不同水、氮处理对小麦花后植株氮素吸收、累积和转运的影响。试验采取灌水与施氮量两因子裂区设计,其中灌水为主区,设全生育期不灌水(W0)、拔节期灌1水(W1)和拔节水+开花水灌2水(W2)3个水平;施氮量为副区,设置4个水平,即每公顷施纯氮量0kg(N0)、180kg(N1)、240kg(N2)和300kg(N3)。结果表明,W1和W2下小麦籽粒产量较W0分别提高16.6%和25.6%,蛋白质产量分别提高14.2%和19.2%。籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的提高与氮素积累和转运有关。灌水增加了茎鞘、叶片和颖轴的氮素累积量,提高了茎鞘氮素转运效率和贡献率,但减小了叶片氮素转运量、转运效率和贡献率。施氮可显著增加小麦花后植株氮素累积量及氮素转运量,进而提高小麦籽粒氮素累积量和蛋白质产量。与N0相比,成熟期N1、N2和N3籽粒氮素累积量分别增加44.9%、59.3%和60.2%,叶片贡献率分别增加60.2%、40.9%和61.5%,籽粒产量分别提高75.3%、73.5%和79.8%。水氮互作显著影响叶片氮素累积量和氮素转运效率,但对籽粒产量和蛋白质产量影响不显著。综合来看,在豫北高产条件下,不灌水或灌1水时小麦适宜施氮量为180~240kg·hm-2,灌2水时适宜施氮量为240kg·hm-2。
In order to provide scientific basis for rational irrigation and nitrogen application of high yield wheat, the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the nitrogen uptake, accumulation and translocation of post-flowering wheat plants were studied in high-yielding wheat field in North Henan using wheat cultivar Yumai 49-198 . The experiment adopted the two-factor split design of irrigation and nitrogen application. The irrigation was the main area, and W0, W2 and W2 3 (N0), 180kg (N1), 240kg (N2) and 300kg (N3) per hectare, respectively. The results showed that the grain yield of wheat under W1 and W2 increased by 16.6% and 25.6% respectively compared with W0, and the protein yield increased by 14.2% and 19.2% respectively. Increased grain yield and protein yield are associated with nitrogen accumulation and transport. Irrigation increased the accumulation of nitrogen in the stem, sheath and shaft, increased the nitrogen translocation efficiency and contribution rate, but decreased the nitrogen translocation rate, transport efficiency and contribution rate. Nitrogen addition could significantly increase nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen translocation in post-flowering wheat plants, and then increase nitrogen accumulation and protein yield in wheat grain. Compared with N0, N accumulation in kernels of N1, N2 and N3 increased by 44.9%, 59.3% and 60.2%, respectively, and the contribution rate of leaves increased by 60.2%, 40.9% and 61.5%, and grain yield increased by 75.3% and 73.5 % And 79.8%. Water and nitrogen interaction significantly affected leaf nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen translocation efficiency, but had no significant effect on grain yield and protein yield. Taken together, under high-yielding conditions in northern Henan, the optimum nitrogen application rate was 180-240 kg · hm-2 for wheat irrigated or irrigated with 1 water and 240 kg · hm-2 for irrigated 2 water.