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[目的]探讨嚼槟榔、吸烟与饮酒对口腔鳞状细胞癌发病年龄的影响.[方法]收集湖南省某三甲医院2014年8月至2015年9月收治的488例口腔鳞状细胞癌患者的嚼槟榔、吸烟、饮酒情况,采用Kaplan‐Meier法绘制不良生活习惯与口腔鳞状细胞癌发病年龄曲线,采用COX风险模型评估不良生活习惯与发病年龄间的风险比值及95% CI置信区间.[结果]嚼槟榔对口腔鳞状细胞癌发病年龄有影响[aHR＝1 .8 ,95%CI(1 .5～2 .1) ,P ＜0 .001] ,嚼槟榔量越大、接触时间越长,早期发病风险越大( P ＜0 .001) .吸烟对发病年龄有影响( P ＝0 .039) ,吸烟早于21岁者其口腔鳞状细胞癌发病年龄相比不吸烟者提前了3年[aHR＝1 .6 , 95% CI(1 .2～2 .2) ,P ＝0 .001] .与不吸烟不饮酒者相比,嚼槟榔且吸烟年龄早于21岁者,发病年龄会提前9年[aHR＝2 .8 ,95% CI(2 .0～3 .9)] .[结论]嚼槟榔和早期吸烟是口腔鳞状细胞癌早期发病的危险因素,嚼槟榔与吸烟会使口腔鳞状细胞癌发病年龄提前.“,”To investigate the effects of betel nut chewing ,smoking and drinking on the age of onset of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).[M ethods]A total of 488 patients with oral squamous cell car‐cinoma from August 2014 to September 2015 in a third‐level hospital of Hunan Province were collected .T he relationship between bad living habits and age of onset of oral squamous cell carcinoma was drawn by Kaplan‐M eier method .COX risk model was used to assess the risk ratio and 95% CI confidence interval between bad living habits and age at onset .[Results]Betelnut chewing in earlier than 21 years of age has an effect on the age of onset of oral squamous cell carcinoma [aHR ＝ 1 .8 ,95% CI (1 .5～2 .1) ,P ＜0 .001 ].T he greater the a‐mount of betel nut chewing ,the longer the exposure time ,the greater the risk of early onset ( P ＜0 .001 ). Smoking had an effect on the age of onset ( P ＝0 .039).T he age of onset of oral squamous cell carcinoma was 3 years earlier in smokers than in non‐smokers [aHR＝1 .6 ,95% CI (1 .2～2 .2) ,P ＝0 .001].Compared with non‐smokers and non‐drinkers ,those w ho chewed betel nut and smoked earlier than 21 years of age had 9 years earlier onset age [aHR＝2 .8 ,95% CI (2 .0～3 .9)].[Conclusion]Betelnut chewing and early smoking are risk factors for the early onset of oral squamous cell carcinoma .and can advance the onset age of OSCC .