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心房颤动（房颤）是临床心血管疾病最常见的心律失常之一，其发病率随年龄的增长而显著增加，具有高住院率、高致残率和高病死率的特征，其发病机制尚不完全清楚。近年来研究发现，微RNA参与基因转录后水平的调控，在心血管系统主要参与调控心血管系统的发育和多种心血管疾病的病理生理过程，与房颤的发生、发展密切相关，其具体机制主要是通过参与调节和心脏重构相关的靶基因而导致房颤。“,”Atrial fibrillation is the commonly encountered clinical arrhythmia associated with pronounced morbidity and mortality.The prevalence of AF increases with age and with stroke being the most critical com-plication.MicroRNA (miRNA) has rapidly emerged as one of the key players in the gene expression regula-tory.In the cardiovascular system,miRNA is mainly involved in its growth and development,and a variety of pathological processes of cardiovascular disease.The potential roles of miRNA in controlling atrial fibrillation have recently been investigated and suggest that miRNA′s modifications impact on atrial fibrillation .