作为19世纪三大自然科学发现之一,达尔文的生物进化论自问世以来便对西方科学界乃至整个社会思想都产生了深刻影响。19世纪末20世纪初的西方社会思想家们将进化论不恰当地引入人类社会,用以论证机械社会达尔文主义、生物决定论和优生学等保守的、不良的社会思想。这不仅促成了各种不良思潮在西方社会的蔓延,还间接影响了20世纪上半叶的世界政治局势。 As one of the three major natural science discoveries in the 19th century, Darwin’s theory of biological evolution has profoundly influenced the Western scientific community and even the entire social thinking since its inception. Western social thinkers from the late 19th and early 20th centuries improperly introduced evolutionism into human society to demonstrate the conservative and unhealthy social ideology of mechanical society such as Darwinism, biological determinism and eugenics. This not only contributed to the spread of bad ideas in Western society, but also indirectly affected the world political situation in the first half of the 20th century.