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利用扫描电子显微镜测试技术对3个场地16个土样的微观结构进行观测,并使用图像处理软件对微观图像进行处理、对土样孔隙的几何特征参数和分维数进行了提取,土样孔隙分布分维数为1.816~1.936。利用分形几何学原理建立非饱和土的孔隙分布函数,对天然湿度下黄土中水分分布进行分析,运用回归分析的方法对孔隙的分维数、非饱和孔隙孔隙率和湿陷性的关系进行了分析。结果表明:孔隙分维数越大,孔隙结构越复杂;天然湿度下处于非饱和状态的黄土孔隙孔径均大于40μm,黄土的湿陷系数随着孔隙分维数、非饱和孔隙孔隙率的增大而增大,非饱和孔隙是造成黄土湿陷的主要原因。
The microstructure of 16 samples in 3 sites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The microscopic images were processed by using image processing software. The geometrical parameters and fractal dimension of soil samples were extracted. The distribution fractal dimension is 1.816 ~ 1.936. The pore distribution function of unsaturated soil was established by the principle of fractal geometry. The water distribution in loess under natural humidity was analyzed. The relationship between fractal dimension, unsaturated porosity porosity and collapsibility was analyzed by regression analysis analysis. The results show that the larger the pore fractal dimension is, the more complex the pore structure is. The pore diameters of loess under unsaturated conditions are all greater than 40μm. The collapsibility coefficient of loess increases with fractal dimension and unsaturated porosity Increasing, unsaturated porosity is the main reason for loess collapsibility.