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针对目前旱作水稻不易大规模推广的难题,研制开发一种旱作水稻铺膜铺管播种机。根据旱作水稻种植农艺要求,采用滑刀式开沟器,在距种行水平距离110~130mm处开出宽45mm,深20mm的沟,将滴灌带铺设于沟内;地膜通过随动仿形机构铺设于地表;通过改变容腔容积调整机械翼勺式排种器下种量大小;螺旋导土板将土壤送至种行完成覆土。以杂交稻种“秋田小町”为播种对象,采用3因素4水平的正交试验设计方法,研究播种机前进速度、容种腔长度和种面高度对播种性能的影响。试验结果表明,影响合格指数和重播指数的主次因素为:播种机前进速度>容种腔长度>种面高度;影响漏播指数的主次因素为:容种腔长度>播种机前进速度>种面高度;当播种机前进速度1.0m/s,容种腔长度14mm,种面高度140mm时,播种机播种性能最为优良,此时合格(6~8粒/穴)指数为86.5%,漏播(<6粒/穴)指数为10.2%,重播(>8粒/穴)指数为3.3%,满足旱作水稻农艺种植要求。
In response to the current difficulties in large-scale popularization of dry rice, research and development of a dry-laid rice film laying pipe seeder. According to the requirements of dryland rice planting agronomy, using a slide-type opener, a drip irrigation belt is laid in the ditch at a distance of 110 ~ 130mm away from the planting line at a width of 45mm and a depth of 20mm; The mechanism is laid on the ground; the size of the seed is adjusted by changing the volume of the cavity under the scoop of the mechanical wing; and the spiral guide plate sends the soil to the seed to finish the casing. Using hybrid rice “Akita Komachi” as sowing object, orthogonal experiment design method of 3 factors and 4 levels was used to study the influence of sowing machine advance speed, planting cavity length and seedling height on sowing performance. The test results showed that the main factors that affected the pass index and replay index were as follows: the speed of the seeder> the length of the seed chamber> the height of the seed surface; the primary and secondary factors affecting the leakage index were as follows: the length of the seed chamber> the speed of the seeder> The seed sowing performance was the best when the speed of seeder was 1.0m / s, the length of planting cavity was 14mm and the height of planting surface was 140mm. The index of qualified (6 ~ 8 grains / hole) was 86.5% The index of sowing (<6 grains / hole) was 10.2% and that of replaying (> 8 grains / cave) was 3.3%, which satisfied the requirements of agronomic planting of dryland rice.