国家从诞生之日起就具有国家理性,这是国家的自然属性之一。出现在近代以来的资产阶级革命时期的理性国家是国家理性的产物,强调国家治理符合理性精神,具有制度化、程序化以及公民有序参与等特点。尽管理性国家的规律是普遍的,但其实现条件、形式、渠道在不同国家却不尽相同。在理性国家规律的影响下,现代国家治理已远远超越于传统国家治理,并出现了一些共同特征,如:包容性的国家观念深入人心、以人为本的执政理念在执政者集团中普及、良好的国家秩序与人民幸福的生活、建立在公民普遍认可的权威基础上的法治国家、公共权力受到监督与制约、公民合法的财产权神圣不可侵犯、多元治理主体之间的协同与合作等。 Since the birth date, the state has national rationality, which is one of the country’s natural attributes. The rational state that emerged in the period of bourgeois revolution in modern times is a product of state rationality, emphasizing that state governance conforms to the spirit of rationality, has the characteristics of institutionalization, proceduralization, and orderly participation of citizens. Although the laws of a rational country are common, the conditions, forms and channels for their realization in different countries are not the same. Under the influence of rational state law, the modern state governance has gone far beyond the traditional state governance and some common features have emerged, such as inclusive national conception enjoys popular support and the people-oriented governing concept is popularized among the governing blocs. The order of the state and the happiness of the people, the rule of law on the basis of the generally accepted authority of citizens, the supervision and restriction of public power, the inviolability of the legitimate property rights of citizens, and the coordination and cooperation among multiple governance subjects.