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1982年11月,第五届全国人大常委会第25次会议通过了我国第一部文物保护法,此后直到1992年,与文物法配套的《文物保护法实施细则》才由国家文物局发布施行。虽然我们可以用“十年磨一剑”来形容实施细则制定起草的艰难历程,但细则公布的滞后,无疑对于法律正确顺利的贯彻执行带来一些不利的影响。2002年10月,新修订的《中华人民共和国文物保护法》正式颁布,而仅仅半年多的时间,由国务院总理温家宝亲自签署的《文物保护法实施条例》就随即公布施行,速度如此迅捷,既标志着我国法制化进程的加快,也充分体现出党和政府对文物工作的高度重视。如果说,新的文物法进一步确立了民间收藏的合法地位,并为此创建起强有力的法律保障,那么,实施条例的公布施行,则是在法律规定的基本原则和框架内,为合法的民间收藏活动提供了更为具体、更有操作性且符合国际公约精神的法规指导。然而,这样的一部法律和这样的一个实施条例的颁布施行对于民间收藏而言,究竟意味着什么?恐怕这也是我们在兴奋之余,应该思考的一个问题。今天,我们特组织下列一组稿件,也许从这里大家能找到一个答案。
In November 1982, the 25th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People’s Congress passed the first law of the People’s Republic of China on the protection of cultural relics. It was not until 1992 that the Implementing Rules for the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, which was governed by the Law of Cultural Relics, was promulgated by the State Administration of Cultural Relics . Although we can describe the difficult course of drafting the implementation rules by using the “ten-year sword”, the delay in the publication of the rules undoubtedly has some adverse effects on the correct and smooth implementation of the law. In October 2002, the newly revised “People’s Republic of China Cultural Relics Protection Law” was formally promulgated, but only more than six months by Premier Wen Jiabao personally signed by the “Cultural Relics Protection Law Implementing Regulations,” promulgated on immediately, so fast speed, both Marking the acceleration of the process of legalization in our country and fully reflecting the great importance the party and the government attach to cultural relics. If we say that the new Heritage Act further establish the legal status of private collectors, and to this end created from strong legal protection, then the announcement of the purposes of implementing regulations, it is within the framework of the basic principles and provisions of the law, legitimate Private collection activities provide more specific and operational guidelines that conform to the spirit of the international conventions. However, what is the implication of such a law and the enactment of such an implementing ordinance for private collections? Perhaps this is also an issue that we should think when we are excited. Today, we have organized the following group of manuscripts, and from here we may find an answer.