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术后认知功能障碍（postoperative cognitive dysfunction, POCD）可导致患者术后发展为痴呆的可能性大大增加，影响患者预后，并增加医疗护理成本和家庭负担。基础研究表明，针刺可通过多重作用机制起到一定的脑保护效应，降低POCD的发生率。文章回顾了近年针刺在POCD领域内的研究进展，综述了可能存在的几种相关机制，包括抑制神经炎症、抑制氧化应激水平、减少神经元损伤、增强突触可塑性以及调节微生物菌群脑-肠轴等。将针刺应用于POCD确实取得了一定的成果，但其作用机制仍未完全明确。随着针刺研究的不断深入，需要尽快明确其作用机制，以便于更好地指导POCD的临床治疗。“,”Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) can greatly increase the possibility of patients developing dementia after surgery, affect the prognosis of patients, and increase medical care costs and family burdens. Basic research has shown that acupuncture can exert a certain brain protection effect and reduce the incidence of POCD through multiple mechanisms. This review summarized the research progress of acupuncture in the field of POCD in recent years and described several possible related mechanisms: inhibiting neuroinflammation, inhibiting oxidative stress levels, reducing neuronal damage, enhanced prominence plasticity and regulation of microbial flora brain-gut axis. The application of acupuncture to prevent POCD has indeed achieved certain results, but its mechanism of action is still not completely clear. With the continuous deepening of acupuncture research, it is necessary to clarify its mechanism of action as soon as possible for better guiding the clinical treatment of POCD.