目的:探讨分娩方式对儿童身体状况、行为的远期影响,为规范产科医生的职业行为,促进儿童身心健康提供科学依据。方法:查阅2000年1～12月间济宁、日照两市部分医院病案室的病历资料,共收集220例社会剖宫产儿,按照儿童出生时间、家庭状况、出生地、出生时父母年龄进行1∶1配比,同期收集220例顺产儿,采用回顾性队列研究方法,于2007年8～10月随访调查两组儿童的心身健康状况,比较两组儿童的行为、感觉统合失调征(SID)及儿童的身体状况。结果:共收回有效问卷399份,其中顺产221例,社会剖宫产178例。剖宫产组SID发病率(43.0%)、行为异常(26.4%)发病率明显高于顺产组儿童(26.0%和17.6%,P<0.05);而剖宫产儿童的身高、体重均小于顺产组(P<0.05)。结论:剖宫产严重影响儿童的身心健康,因此医生在诊疗过程中,除非有明确的剖宫产适应证,否则不要对产妇采取剖宫产。 Objective: To investigate the long-term effect of mode of delivery on physical condition and behavior of children and to provide a scientific basis for standardizing the occupational behavior of obstetricians and promoting the physical and mental health of children. Methods: The records of medical records of some hospitals in Jining and Rizhao from January to December in 2000 were collected. A total of 220 cases of cesarean section in the society were collected. According to the age of the child, family status, birth place and the age of the parents at birth : 1 ratio, the same period collected 220 cases of normal children, the use of retrospective cohort study was followed up from August to October 2007 to investigate the two groups of children’s mental and physical health, behavior, sensory imbalance syndrome (SID) And the child’s physical condition. Results: A total of 399 valid questionnaires were retrieved, including 221 cases of spontaneous delivery and 178 cases of social cesarean section. The incidence of SID in cesarean section (43.0%) and abnormal behavior (26.4%) were significantly higher than those in the spontaneous children (26.0% and 17.6%, P <0.05). However, the children with cesarean section had less height and weight Group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Cesarean section seriously affects children’s physical and mental health. Therefore, doctors should not take cesarean section for mothers unless there is a clear indication of caesarean section during the course of treatment.