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对莽山北坡不同海拔高度的5个土壤剖面15个土样的粘粒矿物进行了X射线衍射分析和粘粒氧化物的化学选择溶提测试,结果表明:(1)莽山土壤中粘粒矿物组合的垂直变化明显。海拔500m以下的红壤、黄红壤的粘土矿物以1:1型高岭为主,粘粒氧化物中有较多的晶质氧化铁和热碱溶性氧化硅。海拔850m以上的黄壤、暗黄棕壤和山地灌丛草甸土的粘土矿物以2:1型的14×10~(-10)m过渡矿物和水云母为主,粘粒氧化物中有较多的无定形氧化铁、铝和三水铝石。(2)随海拔升高,土壤粘粒的硅铝率、氧化铁的游离度变幅不大,而氧化铁的活化度和各种氧化铝的富集明显提高。根据这些结果,结合莽山土壤的风化威土的条件与过程,讨论了莽山垂直带土壤中粘土矿物和氧化物的分布与演化过程的特点。
The clay minerals of 15 soil samples from 5 soil profiles with different altitudes at the northern slope of Mangshan Mountain were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and chemical selective stripping of clay oxides. The results showed that: (1) Vertical changes in the combination of grain and mineral significantly. The red soil of 500m below sea level, the clay minerals of yellow-red soil are mainly 1: 1 type kaolinite, there are more crystalline iron oxide and thermal alkali-soluble silicon oxide in the clay oxide. Clay minerals of yellow soil, dark yellow brown soil and mountain shrub meadow soil above 850m above sea level are dominated by 2 × 1-14 × 10 ~ (-10) m transitional minerals and water mica, and there are more clay oxides More amorphous iron oxide, aluminum and gibbsite. (2) With the elevation increasing, the content of silicon and aluminum in soil clay and the degree of freeness of iron oxide did not vary greatly, but the activation degree of iron oxide and the enrichment of various kinds of alumina increased obviously. Based on these results, the characteristics and process of the distribution and evolution of clay minerals and oxides in the vertical belt of Mangshan are discussed based on the conditions and process of the weathered soils in Mangshan.