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偉大的俄羅斯生理學家巴甫洛夫關於大腦皮質抑制作用的學說,像他全部關於高級神經活動的學說一樣,对于教育學有着非常重大的意義。巴甫洛夫寫道:‘如果我表示了這樣的螹?就是關於動物高級神經活動的實驗,也将对于人的教養和自我教育提供不少指導性的意見,這在我,不能算是輕浮。’艾拉裴健慈的一文(見本刊上期譯文)指出了:高級神經活動,由於經常的交互作用的結果,伴隨着兩種大腦皮質神經過程的機搆——與奮和抑制。在許多實驗材料的基礎上,巴甫洛夫得出這樣的結論:大腦半球皮質的活動是具有规律性的,全部中樞神經系統的總規律和大腦皮質的特殊规律。在大腦皮質的特殊规律中,巴甫洛夫包括了内部抑制的過程。從這個最重要的方法論的前提出發,偉大的生理學家將大腦皮質的抑制作用作了明確的分類。這個分類的基礎是確認了抑制作用的兩個範疇。第一、是‘非條件抑制’,係中樞种經系統所固有,包括了大腦半球皮質;第二、是‘條件抑制’,只屬於大腦半球皮質。在‘非條件抑制乙中,巴甫洛夫包括了外部的和保護的抑制,而在‘條件抑制’中,他包括了四類內部的和人為的抑制,就是:消失、條件制止、延遲和分化作用。
The doctrine of the great Russian physiologist Pavlov’s inhibition of cerebral cortex, like all his doctrines of advanced neural activity, is of great significance to pedagogy. Pavlov wrote: ’If I show such a pheasant, that is, an experiment on the animal’s advanced nerve activity, it will also provide a lot of guiding opinions on human rearing and self-education. For me, this can not be considered frivolous. The article by Ella Percigard (see translation) shows that advanced neuronal activity, as a result of frequent interactions, is accompanied by two mechanisms of neural processes in the cerebral cortex - and inhibition. On the basis of many experimental materials, Pavlov concluded that the activity of the cerebral cortex in the cerebral cortex is regular, with the general rules of the entire central nervous system and the special laws of the cerebral cortex. In the special laws of the cerebral cortex, Pavlov included the process of internal suppression. Starting from the premise of this most important methodological, great physicists have explicitly categorized the inhibitory effects of the cerebral cortex. The basis of this classification is the identification of the two categories of inhibition. The first is ’unconditional inhibition’, which is inherent in the central nervous system and includes the hemispheric cortex of the brain. The second is conditional inhibition, which belongs only to the hemispheric cortex of the brain. Pavlov included both external and protective repression in ’Nonconditional Suppression’, and in ’repression’ he included four types of internal and artificial repression: vanishing, conditioned, delayed, and Differentiation.