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目的:探讨经输尿管软镜碎石取石术(RIRS)与经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)治疗鹿角形肾结石有效性和安全性。方法:选取2016年11月至2019年11月永康市第一人民医院收治的鹿角形肾结石患者80例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为经输尿管软镜组(n n＝40)与经皮肾镜组(n n＝40)，分别给予RIRS与PCNL治疗，对比两组患者清石成功率、出血情况、手术时间等。n 结果:经输尿管软镜组患者术中出血量、术后血红蛋白下降量、住院总费用、术后住院时间少于经皮肾镜组，手术时间长于经皮肾镜组，差异均有统计学意义(n t≤25 mm＝84.306、5.105、2.617、39.219、7.488，n t>25 mm＝24.630、5.602、2.586、36.172、6.895；均n P0.05)，>25 mm鹿角形肾结石，经皮肾镜组清石成功率(94.4%)明显高于经输尿管软镜组(64.71%)(χn 2＝4.833，n P25mm=24.630, 5.602, 2.586, 36.172, 6.895; all n P0.05). The success rate of debridement in the PCNL group was significantly higher than that in the RIRS group (94.4% vs.64.71%)(χn 2=4.833, n P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the RIRS group was lower than that in the PCNL group (20.00% vs.45.00%), the difference was statistically significant(χn 2=5.698, n P<0.05).n Conclusion:RIRS and PCNL have their own advantages and disadvantages.For patients with staghorn calculi whose diameter is less than or equal to 25mm, RIRS is the first choice for treatment, with less bleeding during operation, less hospitalization cost and high safety.For patients with staghorn calculi whose diameter is more than 25 mm, PCNL is the best choice, which can significantly improve the removal rate of one-time calculi.