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近年来膜片钳技术、选择性神经毒素、基因的克隆和测序技术的迅速发展和广泛应用使我们对膜结构和膜通道有了深入的理解。通道是由聚合的蛋白质组成的膜结构,包含水性的中央孔道.形成离子通道。离子通道控制离子出入细胞.从而引起细胞的去极化和超极化。不同离子通道的功能障碍可以引起不同的疾病.钠通道广泛存在于神经系统,其功能障碍可以引起多种神经系统疾病。本文回顾了离子通道尤其是钠通道的结构、功能及钠通道障碍引起的神经系统疾病。
In recent years, the rapid development and extensive application of patch clamp technology, selective neurotoxin, gene cloning and sequencing technologies have given us a deep understanding of membrane structure and membrane channels. Channels are membrane structures composed of polymerized proteins, containing aqueous central channels, forming ion channels. Ion channels control the passage of ions into and out of the cell, thereby causing depolarization and hyperpolarization of the cell. Dysfunction of different ion channels can cause different diseases Sodium channels are widely present in the nervous system and their dysfunction can cause a variety of neurological diseases. This review reviews the structure and function of ion channels, especially sodium channels, and neurological disorders caused by sodium channel disorders.