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在人类社会发展史上,能源结构的变化经历了三大时期:薪柴时期、煤炭时期、石油时期。以薪柴为主的时期比较漫长,直到公元前11世纪,人类的生产基本上靠人的体力再加上部分畜力和自然力(主要是风力和水力),生产力水平是很低的。我国西汉时期,已经用煤来炼铁,但没有用煤作为动力,煤产量也很低。到了18世纪美国开始产业革命,蒸汽机发明之后,开始以煤代薪作为工业主要能源,实现了世界科学技术史上的一次伟大变革,也是世界能源工业史上,特别是
In the history of human society development, the changes in energy structure have experienced three major periods: fuelwood, coal, and petroleum. The period mainly based on fuelwood was relatively long. Until the 11th century BC, human production basically relied on human strength plus some animal and natural forces (mainly wind and water power), and the level of productivity was very low. In the Western Han Dynasty of China, coal was used to make iron, but coal was not used as a motive force, and coal production was also very low. In the 18th century, the United States began its industrial revolution. After the invention of the steam engine, it began to use coal as the main energy source for the industry, achieving a great transformation in the history of world science and technology, and also in the history of the world’s energy industry, especially