在学界,对爱默生的“自然”和“自立”的定义总不乏一些“精神”之类的神秘辞藻。本文试图从分析爱默生早期有关科学的讲座入手,阐释其在1833至1836年间所持的关于进化的思想,同时揭开上述辞藻的神秘面纱。具体而言,本文第一部分概括进化论史上的三个核心问题:生物间的关系、生命史进步价值的赋予,以及生命起源;第二部分旨在分析爱默生对这三个问题的回答,并在此过程中构建其相关思想,澄清以上词汇的含义。 In the academic world, there is always no shortage of definitions of Emerson’s “natural” and “self-reliance” such as “spiritual” mystery. This article attempts to start with an analysis of Emerson’s earlier lectures on science and explain the evolutionary ideas that it had held between 1833 and 1836, revealing the mystery of the rhetoric above. Specifically, the first part of this article summarizes three core issues in the history of evolution: the relationship between organisms, the conferring of the progressive value of life history, and the origin of life; the second part aims to analyze Emerson’s answer to these three questions In the process of building its related ideas, to clarify the meaning of the above terms.