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研究耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期光合性能日变化的影响,对灌浆期干物质积累、转运以及产量形成具有重要的理论意义.本研究以中国农业大学吴桥实验站2008年设置的长期耕作定位试验为基础,分析了免耕秸秆不还田(NT)、免耕秸秆还田(NTS)、旋耕秸秆不还田(RT)、旋耕秸秆还田(RTS)、深松秸秆不还田(DT)、深松秸秆还田(DTS)、翻耕秸秆不还田(CT)和翻耕秸秆还田(CTS)耕作处理对冬小麦灌浆期旗叶光合特性日变化、光响应曲线和产量的影响.结果表明:不同耕作方式对冬小麦灌浆期旗叶净光合速率日变化和气孔导度日变化的影响均呈双峰曲线变化趋势,秸秆还田下不同耕作方式的冬小麦旗叶净光合速率高于相应的秸秆不还田处理;各耕作方式对冬小麦旗叶胞间CO2浓度日变化的影响均呈“广口V型”双峰曲线变化趋势;除DTS、RTS和RT处理冬小麦旗叶的蒸腾速率日变化规律呈单峰曲线变化外,其他各处理冬小麦旗叶的蒸腾速率日变化均呈“双峰曲线”变化趋势.模拟的最大净光合速率以DTS处理最大,分别比NT、DT、RT、CT、NTS、RTS和CTS处理增加了20.0%、21.7%、19.7%、21.5%、0.8%、12.1%和4.2%;秸秆还田条件下各处理的光响应曲线拟合程度均优于秸秆不还田处理.DTS籽粒产量最高,RTS次之,CTS再次,CT处理最小,DTS处理的籽粒产量分别比NTS、RTS、CTS、NT、DT、RT和CT处理高10.8%、1.3%、2.1%、5.4%、11.9%、12.4%和12.6%.通过光合速率和气孔导度日变化趋势可得,不同耕作方式下秸秆还田技术,特别是DTS和NTS处理可减缓光合午休现象,使冬小麦维持较高的光合速率,有利于干物质积累和产量的提高.
Studying the effects of tillage patterns on diurnal changes of photosynthetic characteristics in winter wheat filling stage is of great theoretical significance for dry matter accumulation, translocation and yield formation in filling stage.In this study, based on long-term plowing and locating experiments set by Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in 2008 (NT), no-tillage straw returning (NTS), rotary tillage straw returning (RT), rotary tillage straw returning (RTS) DTS, CT and tillage with CTS on diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics, light response curve and yield of winter wheat under grain filling stage were compared.Results The results showed that under different tillage systems, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of winter wheat increased with the increase of straw mulching compared with the corresponding The straw did not return to field treatment; the effect of each tillage on the diurnal variation of intercellular CO2 concentration in winter wheat flag leaf showed a trend of “wide-mouth V-shaped” double-breeze curve; the transpiration rate of winter wheat flag leaf except DTS, RTS and RT The law of change was single The maximum daily net photosynthetic rate (DTP) was the largest in all treatments, which was higher than that of NT, DT, RT, CT, NTS , The RTS and CTS treatments increased by 20.0%, 21.7%, 19.7%, 21.5%, 0.8%, 12.1% and 4.2%, respectively. The fitting curve of light response curves of all treatments under straw returning was better than straw returning DTS had the highest grain yield, the second was RTS, the second was CTS and the second was CT. The DTS-treated grain yield was 10.8%, 1.3%, 2.1% and 5.4% higher than NTS, RTS, CTS, NT, DT, , 11.9%, 12.4% and 12.6%, respectively.During the days of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, the straw returning techniques under different tillage systems, especially DTS and NTS treatment, can slow down the photosynthetic midday depression and keep the winter wheat high Photosynthetic rate is conducive to dry matter accumulation and yield increase.