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采用常规方法研究了青海省大棚和温室中辣椒健株、病株根际土壤和根表的微生物数量、放线菌组成及拮抗性放线菌的分布 .结果表明 :①青海保护地辣椒根际土壤和根表微生物以细菌为主 ,放线菌次之 ,真菌最少 ,三者数量之比为 10 5 10 2 1(根际 )或 10 4 1 1(根表 ) ;②根际微生物数量和土壤速效N、P、K含量密切相关 ,速效养分含量高的土壤中微生物数量大 .辣椒病株根际土壤和根表细菌、放线菌及真菌三大类微生物数量显著高于健株 .③保护地辣椒根际土壤和根表放线菌组成较复杂 ,共分离到了 7个属的放线菌 ,但仍以链霉菌为主 ,其次为小单孢菌和马杜拉放线菌 .链霉菌可分为 10个类群 ,金色类群占优势 .健株根际土壤和根表放线菌组成较病株复杂 ,而链霉菌组成较病株简单 .④供试放线菌菌株中 9.0 %对G+ 细菌有拮抗活性 ,6 .7%对真菌有拮抗活性 ,对G-细菌均无拮抗作用 .健株根际土壤拮抗性放线放菌数量及其占放线菌总数的比例均高于病株 ,健株根表拮抗性放线菌占放线菌总数的比例亦高于病株 ,表明根际土壤中拮抗性放线菌的数量及根际和根表拮抗性放线菌占放线菌总数的比例是决定辣椒是否染病的关键因素之一 .表 4参 11
The number of microorganisms, the composition of actinomycetes and the distribution of antagonistic actinomycetes in healthy and hot pepper plants in greenhouses and greenhouses in Qinghai Province were studied by conventional methods. The results showed that: ①The rhizosphere The soil and root surface microorganisms were mainly bacteria, followed by actinomycetes, fungi were the least, the ratio of the three was 10 5 10 2 1 (rhizosphere) or 10 4 1 1 (root surface); ② the number of rhizosphere microbes and Soil available N, P, K content is closely related to high available nutrient content of soil microorganisms in large quantities. Pepper plant rhizosphere soil and root surface bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi three groups of microorganisms was significantly higher than healthy plants. Protected rhizosphere soil and root surface actinomycetes in the protected areas were more complex, and seven kinds of actinomycetes were isolated, but still belong to Streptomyces, followed by Actinomycetes and Madurai. Molds can be divided into 10 groups, the dominant golden group.The root rhizosphere soil and root surface actinomycetes composition more complicated than the diseased strains, while the composition of Streptomyces is more simple than the diseased strains.④The test actinomycetes strains 9.0% G + bacteria have antagonistic activity, 6.7% antagonistic fungi, against G-bacteria are No antagonism.The number of antagonistic actinomyces in the rhizosphere soil and the proportion of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil were higher than those in the diseased plants.The proportion of antagonistic actinomycetes in the root surface of the healthy plants accounted for the total number of actinomycetes The results showed that the number of antagonistic actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil and the proportion of antagonistic actinomycetes in the rhizosphere and root surface accounted for the total number of actinomycetes was one of the key factors that determine whether pepper is infected.