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[目的]了解婴幼儿血铅水平与出生前后铅暴露的关系,为防治和减轻铅暴露对婴幼儿的不利影响提供科学依据。[方法]采用前瞻性队列研究的方法,在环境铅污染区建立新婚夫妇研究队列,分别在女方怀孕前、孕中期、分娩时以及子代婴幼儿期采集血样,并用石墨炉原子吸收法测定血铅水平;纵向分析出生前后铅暴露对婴幼儿血铅水平的影响。[结果]基线血铅明显高于孕中血铅和脐带血铅,且孕中血铅、脐带血铅与基线血铅高度相关(P<0.01);婴幼儿血铅要明显高于母亲基线血铅、孕中血铅和脐带血铅(P<0.01),且婴幼儿血铅与母亲基线血和脐带血血铅均呈正相关,但差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。[结论]婴幼儿血铅水平与出生前宫内暴露和出生后环境暴露均有关,但与后者关系可能更密切。
[Objective] To understand the relationship between blood lead level in infants and young children and lead exposure before and after birth, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and mitigation of adverse effects of lead exposure on infants and toddlers. [Methods] A prospective cohort study was conducted to establish a cohort of newlyweds in environmental lead pollution areas. Blood samples were collected before pregnancy, during second trimester, during childbirth and during infancy of childbearing. Blood samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry Lead levels; longitudinal analysis of lead exposure before and after the impact of infant lead levels of blood lead. [Results] The baseline blood lead was significantly higher than that of blood lead and umbilical cord blood during pregnancy, and the levels of blood lead and umbilical cord blood were highly correlated with baseline blood lead (P <0.01). The level of blood lead in infants and young children was significantly higher than that of mother (P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between blood lead and blood lead level in maternal and infant blood and umbilical cord blood, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). [Conclusion] The levels of blood lead in infants and young children are related to the intrauterine exposure and postnatal environmental exposure before birth, but the relationship with the latter may be closer.