X射线脉冲星能够为近地轨道、深空和星际空间飞行航天器提供位置、速度、时间和姿态等丰富的导航信息,实现航天器高精度自主导航和运行管理,有着巨大的发展潜力．本文论述了X射线脉冲星导航技术研究历程;重点研究了X射线脉冲星导航的基本原理、信息处理流程和自主导航算法,进而提出了脉冲星导航的关键技术;分析了国内脉冲星观测研究的基础条件,以及开展X射线脉冲星导航技术研究的必要性和可行性． X-ray pulsar can provide abundant navigation information such as position, velocity, time and attitude for near-Earth orbit, deep space and spacecraft spacecraft, and has great potential for development of high-precision spacecraft autonomous navigation and operation management. This paper discusses the research process of X-ray pulsar navigation technology, focuses on the basic principles, information processing flow and autonomous navigation algorithm of X-ray pulsar navigation, and then puts forward the key technologies of pulsar navigation; analyzes the domestic pulsar observation research Basic conditions, and the necessity and feasibility of conducting X-ray pulsar navigation technology research.