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古DNA研究至今已经历20多年时间,近年来,在生物系统进化和谱系发生等方面有着越来越广泛的应用.我国古DNA研究起步较晚,主要集中于我国近几千年来古人类DNA提取和个体及群体遗传关系的研究,其他动植物古DNA研究相对较少.国际上古DNA研究不仅涉及内容广泛,而且在实验体系的规范和结果论证等方面有着严格的标准.本文系统介绍了规范古DNA实验体系的具体建立方法,强调空白提取对照、PCR水对照等各类对照的设立及可重复性实验在古DNA序列可靠性验证中的重要作用;并对近年来古DNA研究的新方法、新技术,如多重PCR、第二代高通量测序技术等进行了详细介绍.
Ancient DNA research has been going on for more than 20 years, and in recent years, it has been used more and more widely in the aspects of biological system evolution and pedigree occurrence, etc. Ancient DNA research in our country started later, mainly focusing on ancient human DNA Extraction and genetic studies of individuals and groups, other ancient animal and plant ancient DNA research is relatively small.Research on ancient international DNA not only involves a wide range of content, but also has strict standards in the experimental system specification and result demonstration.This paper systematically introduces the specification The establishment of ancient DNA experiment system, emphasizing the establishment of various controls such as blank extraction control and PCR water control, and the importance of repeatability experiments in the reliability verification of ancient DNA sequences. In addition, the new methods of ancient DNA research in recent years , New technologies such as multiplex PCR, second-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies were introduced in detail.