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公共卫生监测的技术和方法在近几十年发展中得到不断的扩充与创新,本文主要对公共卫生监测数据的采集、分析及监测评估方法做一综述,并尝试探讨公共卫生监测今后的发展趋势。公共卫生监测数据采集方法除了传统的半信息化数据采集和信息化数据采集平台,还有新兴的互联网检索、基于互联网的疾病信息交流平台和基于热线电话和电子监控档案的监测方法等。监测信息分析技术和方法主要涉及实验室检测分析技术、信息筛选分类技术、风险评估方法和流行病学与卫生统计学分析方法。公共卫生监测评估起源于上世纪80年代后期,目前主要有美国CDC和WHO的公共卫生监测系统评价指南。前者着重于单病监测系统的完善,后者着重于强化和提高国家整体的监测能力。公共卫生监测今后的发展趋势倾向于建立一个网络实验室和流行病学监测系统相整合的监测信息大平台,达到信息共享、有效分析并及时反馈,同时有成熟的评估体系对其进行评价。
The techniques and methods of public health monitoring have been constantly expanded and innovated in recent decades. This article mainly reviews the collection, analysis and monitoring and evaluation methods of public health monitoring data, and attempts to explore the future trends of public health monitoring . Public health monitoring data collection methods In addition to the traditional semi-informative data collection and information data collection platform, there are also emerging Internet search, Internet-based disease information exchange platforms and monitoring methods based on hotlines and electronic surveillance archives. Monitoring information analysis techniques and methods mainly involve laboratory testing and analysis techniques, information screening and classification techniques, risk assessment methods and epidemiological and hygienic statistical analysis methods. Public health monitoring and evaluation originated in the late 80s of last century, there are currently the United States CDC and WHO public health monitoring system evaluation guidelines. The former focuses on the improvement of single-disease surveillance systems, while the latter focuses on strengthening and improving the overall national surveillance capacity. The future trend of public health monitoring tends to establish a large platform for monitoring information integrated by network laboratories and epidemiological monitoring systems so as to achieve information sharing, effective analysis and timely feedback as well as a mature evaluation system to evaluate it.