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目的采用4P即预测性(predictive)、预防性(preventive)、个体化(personalized)、参与性(participatory)研究模式,研究湘西地区60岁及以上老年人群高血压患病情况及其影响因素,为社区有效防治高血压提供可靠依据。方法于2013年9月—2014年4月采用随机抽样方法对湘西地区的3个社区共368人进行调查,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,并采用非条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,荤素均衡(OR值0.171,95%CI为0.061~0.482)、体育锻炼(OR=0.431,95%CI为0.109~0.830)均是高血压的保护因素;嗜盐(OR=17.259,95%CI为6.543~45.528)、嗜油(OR=11.315,95%CI为2.536~50.473)、腰围异常(OR=1.034,95%CI为1.009~1.059)、吸烟(OR=1.974,95%CI为1.004~3.881)、BMI异常(OR=1.140,95%CI为1.066~1.219)为高血压的危险因素。结论 4P模式在社区高血压防治中具有重要意义,应加强对目标人群的健康教育。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its influencing factors in elderly population aged 60 years and over in Western Hunan using 4P ie predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory research methods Community effective prevention and treatment of hypertension provide a reliable basis. Methods From September 2013 to April 2014, 368 people in 3 communities in western Hunan Province were investigated by random sampling method. The measurement data were analyzed by t test. The count data were analyzed by χ2 test and non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of multiple factors Analysis, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The results of unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the meat and vegetables balance (OR 0.171, 95% CI 0.061 ~ 0.482), physical exercise (OR 0.431, 95% CI 0.109 ~ 0.830) were the protective factors of hypertension (OR = 17.259, 95% CI: 6.543 ~ 45.528), addicted to oil (OR = 11.315, 95% CI 2.536 ~ 50.473), waist circumference (OR = 1.034, 95% CI 1.009 ~ 1.059) = 1.974, 95% CI = 1.004-3.881). The abnormal BMI (OR = 1.140, 95% CI 1.066-1.219) was a risk factor for hypertension. Conclusions The 4P model is of great importance in the prevention and treatment of community hypertension and health education should be strengthened for the target population.