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【目的】紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)内含对微生物、植物和动物有毒的化学物质,列为我国危害最严重的外侵植物,评价腐熟紫茎泽兰对土壤微生物和作物的毒性,有益于无害化处理生产有机肥。【方法】利用微生物菌剂腐熟紫茎泽兰,田间设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、单施紫茎泽兰有机肥(OF)、化肥配施紫茎泽兰有机肥(50%化肥+50%紫茎泽兰有机肥,CF+OF)等4种施肥处理,研究了紫茎泽兰有机肥对土壤细菌、养分和辣椒产量品质等的影响。【结果】在施用OF的土壤中,微生物碳氮高于CF、OF和CF+OF提高细菌群落的多样性指数,CF增加优势度指数。在4种施肥处理的土壤中,酸杆菌门和变形菌门均为优势门类,丰富度合计超过50%;在20种优势菌株中,有7株细菌普遍存在,6–8株细菌单独存在于不同处理土壤中。此外,在辣椒初果期,CF土壤中的有效养分含量较高;但至末果期,CF+OF处理的有效磷钾显著高于CF,碱解氮CF+OF与CF相似。施用CF+OF使辣椒吸收了较多的氮、磷、钾,辣椒产量比CF增加14.42%,并使果实游离氨基酸和维生素C含量提高,硝酸盐含量降低。【结论】紫茎泽兰有机肥兼具供肥改土作用,能提高土壤微生物生物量,丰富土壤细菌种群,增加辣椒产量,改善果实品质。
【Aim】 Ageratina adenophora contains chemicals that are toxic to microorganisms, plants and animals. It is listed as the most harmful plant in the world to evaluate the toxicity of Eupatorium adenophorum to soil microorganisms and crops. In the harmless treatment of organic fertilizer production. 【Method】 Ethyl stems (Eupatorium adenophorum) were used to sterilize Eupatorium adenophorum by using microbial inoculant. Soil organic fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF) 50% fertilizer + 50% Eupatorium adenophorum organic fertilizer, CF + OF). The effects of Eupatorium adenophorum organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of soil bacteria, nutrients and pepper were studied. 【Result】 Among the soils treated with OF, the microbial carbon and nitrogen were higher than that of CF, OF and CF + OF in order to increase the diversity index of bacterial community and increase the dominance index of CF. Among the four kinds of soil fertilizers, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant species with a total abundance of more than 50%. Of the 20 dominant strains, 7 strains were common and 6-8 strains were present alone Different treatments in the soil. In addition, the effective nutrient content of CF soils was higher in the initial period of pepper, but the available phosphorus and potassium of CF + OF was significantly higher than that of CF and the CF + OF was similar to CF. The application of CF + OF to pepper absorbed more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pepper production increased by 14.42% than CF, and the fruit of free amino acids and vitamin C content, nitrate content decreased. 【Conclusion】 Eupatorium adenophorum organic fertilizer has the function of supplying soil and improving soil fertility. It can increase soil microbial biomass, enrich soil bacterial population, increase pepper yield and improve fruit quality.