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农村劳动力转移无疑可以缩小中国的城乡差距。然而,在现实的劳动力流动过程中却存在诸多包括现行土地制度在内的障碍。文章在拓展Todaro模型的基础上,基于CFPS(中国家庭动态跟踪调查)数据实证分析了土地制度对农村劳动力流动的影响。研究结果表明,我国现行的土地制度限制了农地需求,从而抑制了农地流转市场的发育。这不仅导致农民在市民化过程中无法将农地的未来收益充分变现,还增加了农民市民化的机会成本,并进一步阻碍了城市化进程和城乡差距问题的解决。因而,完善土地流转制度,给予农民“市民化补贴”以推进农村劳动力转移,从而加速城市化进程,是破解城乡差距之困的根本途径。
The transfer of rural labor undoubtedly can narrow the gap between urban and rural areas in China. However, there are many obstacles, including the current land system, in the process of real labor mobility. Based on the expansion of Todaro model, the paper empirically analyzes the impact of land system on rural labor mobility based on the data from CFPS (China Family Tracing Survey). The results show that the current land system in our country limits the demand for agricultural land and restrain the development of the rural land transfer market. This not only leads farmers not to fully realize the future income of farmland during the process of urbanization, but also increases the opportunity cost of peasant’s urbanization and further impedes the process of urbanization and the solution to the problem of urban-rural gap. Therefore, perfecting the system of land transfer and giving peasants a subsidy for urbanization to promote the transfer of rural labor force so as to speed up the urbanization process is the fundamental way to break the gap between urban and rural areas.