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目的了解深圳市南山区手足口病的流行特征,为预防控制手足口病提供科学依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法对深圳市南山区2008—2012年手足口病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2008—2012年深圳市南山区共报告手足口病6 847例,年均发病率为134.42/10万,各年发病率分别为84.18/10万、77.35/10万、211.75/10万、149.44/10万和143.56/10万。不同地区发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),以南山、蛇口、南头、西丽4个街道发病率相对较高,分别为257.78/10万、220.54/10万、206.79/10万、147.84/10万。发病高峰主要出现在4—7月,共报告病例4 033例,占发病总数的58.90%。病例主要集中在5岁及以下年龄组,共发病6 340例,占发病总数的92.60%。男性4 193例,女性2 654例,男女性别比为1.58∶1。发病数居前3位的职业分别为散居儿童、托幼儿童和学生,分别为5 280、1 128、295例,分别占发病总数的77.11%、16.47%和4.31%。结论深圳市南山区手足口病发病以5岁及以下散居儿童为主,今后应重点针对南山、蛇口、南头、西丽4个街道5岁以下儿童家庭和托幼机构开展手足口病预防控制工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City from 2008 to 2012. Results A total of 6 847 HFMD cases were reported in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City from 2008 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 134.42 / 100 000, with annual incidence rates of 84.18 / 100 000, 77.35 / 100,000, 211.75 / 100, 149.44 / 100,000 and 143.56 / 100,000. The incidence rates in different areas were statistically significant (P <0.01). The incidence rates of the four streets of Nanshan, Shekou, Nantou and Xili were relatively high, which were 257.78 / 100000, 220.54 / 100000 and 206.79 / 100000 respectively , 147.84 / 100000. The peak incidence peaked from April to July, a total of 4 033 cases were reported, accounting for 58.90% of the total. The cases mainly concentrated in the age group of 5 years and under, with a total of 6 340 cases, accounting for 92.60% of the total cases. There were 4,193 males and 2,654 females with a sex ratio of 1.58: 1. The top 3 occupations were scattered children, nurseries and children, and students, accounting for 77.5%, 16.47% and 4.31% of the total number of cases respectively. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Nanshan District of Shenzhen Municipality is dominated by children aged 5 and under. The prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease should be focused on families of children under 5 years of age in four streets of Nanshan, Shekou, Nantou and Xili in the future jobs.